{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2020735650","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/apccas.2012.6418959","title":"A 96&amp;#x00D7;96 1V ultra-low power CMOS image sensor for biomedical application","display_name":"A 96&amp;#x00D7;96 1V ultra-low power CMOS image sensor for biomedical application","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2020735650","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/apccas.2012.6418959","mag":"2020735650"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/apccas.2012.6418959","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/apccas.2012.6418959","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 IEEE Asia Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://dr.ntu.edu.sg/bitstream/10356/101185/1/Ultra-low%20Power%20CMOS%20Image%20Sensor%20for%20Biomedical%20Application%20.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057946342","display_name":"Tongxi Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tongxi Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Electronic Engineering Department, NTU, Singapore","Electrical and Electronic Engineering Department, NTU, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering Department, NTU, Singapore","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering Department, NTU, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017731327","display_name":"Xiwei Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2364-0479"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiwei Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Electronic Engineering Department, NTU, Singapore","Electrical and Electronic Engineering Department, NTU, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering Department, NTU, Singapore","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering Department, NTU, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072603878","display_name":"Yan Mei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4448-9114"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mei Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Electronic Engineering Department, NTU, Singapore","Electrical and Electronic Engineering Department, NTU, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering Department, NTU, Singapore","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering Department, NTU, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100432170","display_name":"Hao Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8747-3203"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Electronic Engineering Department, NTU, Singapore","Electrical and Electronic Engineering Department, NTU, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering Department, NTU, Singapore","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering Department, NTU, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009974389","display_name":"Kiat Seng Yeo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4524-707X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kiat Seng Yeo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Electronic Engineering Department, NTU, Singapore","Electrical and Electronic Engineering Department, NTU, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering Department, NTU, Singapore","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering Department, NTU, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102839051","display_name":"Ismail Cevik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4970-9902"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155093810","display_name":"University of Idaho","ror":"https://ror.org/03hbp5t65","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155093810"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ismail Cevik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Idaho, Moscow, 83844, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155093810"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Idaho, Moscow, 83844, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155093810"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035296415","display_name":"Suat U. Ay","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7640-4253"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155093810","display_name":"University of Idaho","ror":"https://ror.org/03hbp5t65","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155093810"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Suat Ay","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Idaho, Moscow, 83844, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155093810"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Idaho, Moscow, 83844, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155093810"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5057946342"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4131,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.64129554,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"8298","issue":null,"first_page":"13","last_page":"16"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11992","display_name":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10369","display_name":"Advanced MEMS and NEMS Technologies","score":0.965399980545044,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.7546873092651367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ultra-low-power","display_name":"Ultra low power","score":0.6798229217529297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chip","display_name":"Chip","score":0.6576008796691895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-sensor","display_name":"Image sensor","score":0.622758686542511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-consumption","display_name":"Power consumption","score":0.576717734336853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.5571846961975098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amplifier","display_name":"Amplifier","score":0.5493854284286499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frame-rate","display_name":"Frame rate","score":0.5359281897544861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-power-electronics","display_name":"Low-power electronics","score":0.5291759371757507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.4791247546672821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.37328866124153137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.357513427734375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.32564306259155273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.12402454018592834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.08688563108444214}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.7546873092651367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017773396","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6692774","display_name":"Ultra low power","level":4,"score":0.6798229217529297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165005293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074500","display_name":"Chip","level":2,"score":0.6576008796691895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76935873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209121","display_name":"Image sensor","level":2,"score":0.622758686542511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984118289","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29954","display_name":"Power consumption","level":3,"score":0.576717734336853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5571846961975098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194257627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211554","display_name":"Amplifier","level":3,"score":0.5493854284286499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3261483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q119565","display_name":"Frame rate","level":2,"score":0.5359281897544861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117551214","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6692774","display_name":"Low-power electronics","level":4,"score":0.5291759371757507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.4791247546672821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.37328866124153137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.357513427734375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.32564306259155273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.12402454018592834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.08688563108444214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/apccas.2012.6418959","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/apccas.2012.6418959","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 IEEE Asia Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dr.ntu.edu.sg:10356/101185","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10220/18283","pdf_url":"https://dr.ntu.edu.sg/bitstream/10356/101185/1/Ultra-low%20Power%20CMOS%20Image%20Sensor%20for%20Biomedical%20Application%20.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402609","display_name":"DR-NTU (Nanyang Technological University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","host_organization_name":"Nanyang Technological University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Conference Paper"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:dr.ntu.edu.sg:10356/101185","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10220/18283","pdf_url":"https://dr.ntu.edu.sg/bitstream/10356/101185/1/Ultra-low%20Power%20CMOS%20Image%20Sensor%20for%20Biomedical%20Application%20.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402609","display_name":"DR-NTU (Nanyang Technological University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","host_organization_name":"Nanyang Technological University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Conference Paper"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8999999761581421,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2020735650.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2020735650.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1523036710","https://openalex.org/W1966891744","https://openalex.org/W1997865776","https://openalex.org/W1997866456","https://openalex.org/W2053779241","https://openalex.org/W2061141771","https://openalex.org/W2070472134","https://openalex.org/W2070653196","https://openalex.org/W2117689062","https://openalex.org/W2133188568","https://openalex.org/W2160376701","https://openalex.org/W6902636289"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1977756192","https://openalex.org/W2142311551","https://openalex.org/W2075082765","https://openalex.org/W1548368440","https://openalex.org/W2609578278","https://openalex.org/W1558090838","https://openalex.org/W2328772676","https://openalex.org/W2315341827","https://openalex.org/W2883717048","https://openalex.org/W3148554323"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"An":[0],"ultra-low":[1],"power":[2,25,29,60],"CMOS":[3,21],"image":[4],"sensor":[5],"is":[6,31],"designed":[7],"for":[8,33],"endomicroscope":[9],"applications.":[10],"The":[11,27],"chip":[12],"will":[13],"be":[14],"fabricated":[15],"through":[16],"Global":[17],"Foundries":[18],"0.18\u03bcm":[19],"standard":[20],"process":[22],"with":[23,36],"1V":[24],"supply.":[26],"total":[28],"consumption":[30,61],"6\u03bcW":[32],"96\u00d796":[34],"array":[35],"5fps":[37],"frame":[38],"rate,":[39],"where":[40],"global":[41],"amplifier":[42],"consumes":[43,49],"3.3":[44],"\u03bcW,":[45],"10-bit":[46],"SAR":[47],"ADC":[48],"900nW":[50],"at":[51],"50kS/s,":[52],"and":[53],"on-chip":[54],"digital":[55],"processing":[56],"further":[57],"reduces":[58],"IO":[59],"down":[62],"to":[63],"1.6\u03bcW.":[64]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-11T14:59:36.786465","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
