{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2157061864","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/apccas.2010.5774971","title":"A hardware-efficient color segmentation algorithm for face detection","display_name":"A hardware-efficient color segmentation algorithm for face detection","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2157061864","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/apccas.2010.5774971","mag":"2157061864"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/apccas.2010.5774971","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/apccas.2010.5774971","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2010 IEEE Asia Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007133487","display_name":"Kai-Ti Hu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154864474","display_name":"National Taiwan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q09pe49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kai-Ti Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056574805","display_name":"Yu-Ting Pai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154864474","display_name":"National Taiwan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q09pe49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu-Ting Pai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026137532","display_name":"Shanq-Jang Ruan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1075-8512"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154864474","display_name":"National Taiwan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q09pe49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shanq-Jang Ruan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064183605","display_name":"Edwin Naroska","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8742-4566"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210106192","display_name":"Technische Hochschule Ingolstadt","ror":"https://ror.org/02bxzcy64","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210106192"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edwin Naroska","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ingolstadt University of Applied Sciences, Ingolstadt, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ingolstadt University of Applied Sciences, Ingolstadt, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210106192"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5007133487"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3187,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.63497591,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"688","last_page":"691"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9769999980926514,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9758999943733215,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.8621391654014587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7492972016334534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.6403273344039917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.553112804889679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face-detection","display_name":"Face detection","score":0.5218811631202698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5152814388275146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.48916152119636536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/color-space","display_name":"Color space","score":0.4864346981048584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm-design","display_name":"Algorithm design","score":0.45326659083366394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gate-array","display_name":"Gate array","score":0.452513724565506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4060293734073639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3541885018348694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.33077383041381836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.32400453090667725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.2569202780723572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.06141465902328491}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.8621391654014587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7492972016334534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.6403273344039917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.553112804889679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4641261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11681085","display_name":"Face detection","level":4,"score":0.5218811631202698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5152814388275146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.48916152119636536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2961294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166863","display_name":"Color space","level":3,"score":0.4864346981048584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106516650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm design","level":2,"score":0.45326659083366394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114237110","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q114901","display_name":"Gate array","level":3,"score":0.452513724565506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4060293734073639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3541885018348694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.33077383041381836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.32400453090667725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.2569202780723572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.06141465902328491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/apccas.2010.5774971","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/apccas.2010.5774971","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2010 IEEE Asia Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1782590233","https://openalex.org/W2022147131","https://openalex.org/W2107565661","https://openalex.org/W2129112648","https://openalex.org/W2152474030","https://openalex.org/W2154741421"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4399458808","https://openalex.org/W2367348190","https://openalex.org/W594316872","https://openalex.org/W2831860248","https://openalex.org/W2367794224","https://openalex.org/W2072850836","https://openalex.org/W1968650434","https://openalex.org/W2105610663","https://openalex.org/W1996607072","https://openalex.org/W2120472031"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"develops":[2],"a":[3,46,52,82],"hardware-efficient":[4],"color":[5,47,59,112,121],"segmentation":[6,113],"algorithm":[7,28,43,70,78,99],"that":[8,127],"is":[9,23,35],"especially":[10],"suitable":[11],"to":[12,71],"implement":[13],"on":[14,81],"hardware":[15,39,108],"for":[16,38,88],"face":[17,74],"detection.":[18,75],"Since":[19],"the":[20,26,32,73,97,103,107,116,120,143],"modulized":[21],"design":[22],"adopted":[24],"in":[25],"proposed":[27,42,69,77,98,129],"without":[29],"floating-point":[30],"operation,":[31],"computational":[33,104],"cost":[34,105],"directly":[36],"reduced":[37],"design.":[40],"The":[41,56,76],"consists":[44],"of":[45,106,115,119],"space":[48],"modeling":[49],"module":[50],"and":[51],"feature":[53],"enhancement":[54],"module.":[55],"significant":[57],"skin/lip":[58],"features":[60],"distribution":[61],"can":[62,100],"be":[63],"accurately":[64],"detected":[65],"by":[66,110],"using":[67,111],"our":[68,128],"facilitate":[72],"was":[79],"implemented":[80],"field-programmable":[83],"gate":[84],"array":[85],"(FPGA)":[86],"system":[87,131,147],"verifying":[89],"its":[90],"efficiency.":[91],"Compared":[92],"with":[93,148],"other":[94],"state-of-the-art":[95],"algorithms,":[96],"significantly":[101],"decrease":[102],"implementation":[109],"instead":[114],"overall":[117],"analysis":[118],"distribution.":[122],"Experimental":[123],"results":[124],"have":[125],"verified":[126],"FPGA":[130,146],"occupies":[132],"only":[133],"3,202":[134],"logic":[135],"cells,":[136],"or":[137],"about":[138],"five":[139],"times":[140],"less":[141],"than":[142],"current":[144],"comparable":[145],"better":[149],"detection":[150],"rate.":[151]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}