{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2011563486","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/apccas.2010.5774919","title":"An FPGA implemented 24-bit audio DAC with 1-bit sigma-delta modulator","display_name":"An FPGA implemented 24-bit audio DAC with 1-bit sigma-delta modulator","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2011563486","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/apccas.2010.5774919","mag":"2011563486"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/apccas.2010.5774919","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/apccas.2010.5774919","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2010 IEEE Asia Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100458649","display_name":"Xiaoxiao Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1385-5898"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoxiao Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Microelectronics, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China","School of Microelectronics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100644093","display_name":"Alex Pui\u2010Wai Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4120-155X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alex Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Microelectronics, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China","School of Microelectronics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100458649"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.10004755,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"768","last_page":"771"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11034","display_name":"Digital Filter Design and Implementation","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11233","display_name":"Advanced Adaptive Filtering Techniques","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dither","display_name":"Dither","score":0.7038731575012207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/delta-sigma-modulation","display_name":"Delta-sigma modulation","score":0.642990231513977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5922712087631226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiplier","display_name":"Multiplier (economics)","score":0.5841657519340515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.45206722617149353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/idle","display_name":"Idle","score":0.45192596316337585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4505392909049988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise-shaping","display_name":"Noise shaping","score":0.4184425473213196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.17449569702148438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.158534437417984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.12155959010124207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.0880841612815857}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70451592","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q376493","display_name":"Dither","level":3,"score":0.7038731575012207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68754193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1184820","display_name":"Delta-sigma modulation","level":3,"score":0.642990231513977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5922712087631226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124584101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1053266","display_name":"Multiplier (economics)","level":2,"score":0.5841657519340515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.45206722617149353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16320812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1812200","display_name":"Idle","level":2,"score":0.45192596316337585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4505392909049988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9083635","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2133535","display_name":"Noise shaping","level":2,"score":0.4184425473213196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.17449569702148438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.158534437417984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.12155959010124207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0880841612815857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/apccas.2010.5774919","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/apccas.2010.5774919","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2010 IEEE Asia Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1531446014","https://openalex.org/W1568218683","https://openalex.org/W1578619760","https://openalex.org/W1583246564","https://openalex.org/W1584073072","https://openalex.org/W1976959981","https://openalex.org/W2052099679","https://openalex.org/W2117122024","https://openalex.org/W2150338639","https://openalex.org/W2153415113","https://openalex.org/W2163480867","https://openalex.org/W2413671984","https://openalex.org/W4243489604","https://openalex.org/W4299973078","https://openalex.org/W6631871360","https://openalex.org/W6634918514"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1507049060","https://openalex.org/W2098358062","https://openalex.org/W2111253223","https://openalex.org/W2097407725","https://openalex.org/W2548491887","https://openalex.org/W2626613090","https://openalex.org/W2955641057","https://openalex.org/W2025681744","https://openalex.org/W2115832005","https://openalex.org/W2143696453"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"the":[3,50,70,79,87,91,97,105],"design":[4],"and":[5,20,44],"FPGA":[6,66],"implementation":[7],"of":[8,16,72,114,126],"a":[9,14,21,31,121],"24-bit":[10],"audio":[11],"DAC":[12],"incorporating":[13],"set":[15],"multiplier-free":[17,55],"interpolation":[18,53],"filters":[19],"4th-order":[22],"1-bit":[23,110],"sigma-delta":[24],"modulator":[25],"(SDM).":[26],"The":[27],"whole":[28],"system":[29],"achieves":[30],"signal":[32,92],"to":[33,63,77,96,103],"noise":[34,45,83,89],"ratio":[35],"(SNR)":[36],"as":[37,39],"high":[38],"139dB":[40],"with":[41],"idle":[42,106],"tones":[43,107],"modulation":[46],"virtually":[47],"eliminated.":[48],"For":[49],"fixed":[51],"point":[52],"filters,":[54],"canonical":[56],"signed":[57],"digits":[58],"(CSD)":[59],"coefficients":[60],"are":[61,74],"chosen":[62],"sharply":[64],"reduce":[65],"resources":[67],"utilization.":[68],"And":[69],"zeros":[71],"SDM":[73],"psychoacoustically":[75],"optimized":[76],"minimize":[78],"total":[80],"perceived":[81],"output":[82],"power":[84],"so":[85],"that":[86],"resultant":[88],"within":[90],"band":[93],"becomes":[94],"unobjectionable":[95],"human":[98],"ear.":[99],"Furthermore,":[100],"in":[101,109],"order":[102],"eliminate":[104],"notorious":[108],"SDM,":[111],"single-bit":[112],"dither":[113],"\u00b10.125":[115],"amplitude":[116],"is":[117],"added":[118],"while":[119],"guaranteeing":[120],"maximum":[122],"stable":[123],"input":[124],"range":[125],"-5.19dBFS.":[127]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}