{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2164416996","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/apccas.2010.5774894","title":"Design and characterisation of 16&amp;#x00D7;1 parallel outputs SPAD array in 0.18 um CMOS technology","display_name":"Design and characterisation of 16&amp;#x00D7;1 parallel outputs SPAD array in 0.18 um CMOS technology","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2164416996","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/apccas.2010.5774894","mag":"2164416996"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/apccas.2010.5774894","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/apccas.2010.5774894","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2010 IEEE Asia Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016793948","display_name":"Suhaila Isaak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1717-765X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","display_name":"University of Nottingham","ror":"https://ror.org/01ee9ar58","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Suhaila Isaak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Phototonic and Radio Frequency Group, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Nottingham, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Phototonic and Radio Frequency Group, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Nottingham, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007245349","display_name":"Mark C. Pitter","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","display_name":"University of Nottingham","ror":"https://ror.org/01ee9ar58","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M.C. Pitter","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Biophysics, Imaging and Optical Science, University of Nottingham, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Biophysics, Imaging and Optical Science, University of Nottingham, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073195650","display_name":"S. Bull","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5544-822X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","display_name":"University of Nottingham","ror":"https://ror.org/01ee9ar58","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Bull","raw_affiliation_strings":["Phototonic and Radio Frequency Group, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Nottingham, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Phototonic and Radio Frequency Group, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Nottingham, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010653750","display_name":"I. Harrison","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4437-0770"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","display_name":"University of Nottingham","ror":"https://ror.org/01ee9ar58","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"I. Harrison","raw_affiliation_strings":["Phototonic and Radio Frequency Group, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Nottingham, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Phototonic and Radio Frequency Group, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Nottingham, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5016793948"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3196,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88699272,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"110","issue":null,"first_page":"979","last_page":"982"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12153","display_name":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12153","display_name":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13869","display_name":"Ocular and Laser Science Research","score":0.9839000105857849,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10540","display_name":"Advanced Fluorescence Microscopy Techniques","score":0.9819999933242798,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1304","display_name":"Biophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.69985032081604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminator","display_name":"Discriminator","score":0.5939292311668396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chip","display_name":"Chip","score":0.47966742515563965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.4181167483329773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quenching","display_name":"Quenching (fluorescence)","score":0.41107624769210815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diode","display_name":"Diode","score":0.4109508991241455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.4071292281150818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.34745365381240845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.3069009780883789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.23652708530426025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.14156091213226318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fluorescence","display_name":"Fluorescence","score":0.1081521213054657}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.69985032081604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779803651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282088","display_name":"Discriminator","level":3,"score":0.5939292311668396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165005293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074500","display_name":"Chip","level":2,"score":0.47966742515563965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.4181167483329773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121745418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q585536","display_name":"Quenching (fluorescence)","level":3,"score":0.41107624769210815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78434282","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11656","display_name":"Diode","level":2,"score":0.4109508991241455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.4071292281150818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.34745365381240845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.3069009780883789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.23652708530426025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.14156091213226318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91881484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191807","display_name":"Fluorescence","level":2,"score":0.1081521213054657}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/apccas.2010.5774894","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/apccas.2010.5774894","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2010 IEEE Asia Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.6499999761581421,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W165072113","https://openalex.org/W1516873820","https://openalex.org/W1669875178","https://openalex.org/W1975496472","https://openalex.org/W1989917143","https://openalex.org/W1992143188","https://openalex.org/W2043474845","https://openalex.org/W2044222703","https://openalex.org/W2077111543","https://openalex.org/W2090663204","https://openalex.org/W2101246723","https://openalex.org/W2103394958","https://openalex.org/W2120914365","https://openalex.org/W2136103934","https://openalex.org/W2156181343","https://openalex.org/W2157367332","https://openalex.org/W2169163718","https://openalex.org/W2169172055"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4293202849","https://openalex.org/W1980965563","https://openalex.org/W1489300767","https://openalex.org/W4380714744","https://openalex.org/W2387995142","https://openalex.org/W4319453655","https://openalex.org/W2089959425","https://openalex.org/W2964074194","https://openalex.org/W2057775761","https://openalex.org/W1969627159"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,23,50,140],"design,":[1],"simulation,":[2],"fabrication,":[3],"and":[4,18,41,91,103,130],"characterisation":[5],"of":[6,125],"a":[7,26,45],"silicon":[8],"single":[9],"photon":[10],"avalanche":[11],"diode":[12],"(SPAD)":[13],"array":[14,24,31,90],"with":[15,147],"integral":[16],"quenching":[17],"discriminator":[19],"circuits":[20],"is":[21,25,69],"presented.":[22],"16\u00d71":[27],"parallel":[28],"output":[29],"SPAD":[30,36,89,128],"which":[32],"comprised":[33],"active":[34],"quenched":[35],"circuit":[37],"in":[38,44,54,101],"each":[39],"pixel,":[40],"was":[42,99,115,134,151],"fabricated":[43],"UMC":[46],"0.18\u03bcm":[47],"CMOS":[48],"process.":[49],"SPADs":[51],"were":[52],"operated":[53],"the":[55,59,72,88,94,112,126,131],"Geiger":[56],"mode":[57],"where":[58],"applied":[60],"reverse":[61],"bias":[62],"voltage":[63,74],"(V":[64,75],"<sub":[65,76,158],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[66,77,159],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">RB</sub>":[67],")":[68,79],"greater":[70],"than":[71],"breakdown":[73],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">BD</sub>":[78,160],"at":[80,153],"11.03":[81],"V.":[82],"A":[83],"digital":[84],"circuitry":[85],"to":[86,136],"control":[87],"perform":[92],"processing":[93],"data":[95],"provided":[96],"by":[97],"it":[98],"designed":[100],"VHDL":[102],"implemented":[104],"on":[105],"an":[106],"FPGA":[107],"chip.":[108],"At":[109],"room":[110],"temperature,":[111],"dark":[113],"count":[114],"found":[116],"approximately":[117],"12875":[118],"counts":[119],"per":[120],"second":[121],"(cps)":[122],"for":[123],"most":[124],"16":[127],"pixels":[129],"dead":[132],"time":[133],"estimated":[135],"be":[137],"40":[138],"ns.":[139],"apparent":[141],"detection":[142],"probability":[143],"(ADE)":[144],"from":[145],"LED":[146],"\u03bb=":[148],"470":[149],"nm":[150],"17.4%":[152],"1.5":[154],"V":[155,157],"above":[156],".":[161]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
