{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2157228069","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/apccas.2010.5774827","title":"Start-up analysis for differential ring oscillator with even number of stages","display_name":"Start-up analysis for differential ring oscillator with even number of stages","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2157228069","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/apccas.2010.5774827","mag":"2157228069"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/apccas.2010.5774827","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/apccas.2010.5774827","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2010 IEEE Asia Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100689537","display_name":"Hui Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9014-2488"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110458","display_name":"Institute of Electronics","ror":"https://ror.org/01z143507","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210110458"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hui Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese Academy and Sciences, Beijing, China","Institute of Electronics, Chinese Academy and Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academy and Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Electronics, Chinese Academy and Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110458"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087392088","display_name":"Haigang Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6471-9730"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110458","display_name":"Institute of Electronics","ror":"https://ror.org/01z143507","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210110458"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hai-gang Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Electronics, Chinese Academy and Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Electronics, Chinese Academy and Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110458"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115602455","display_name":"Fei Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9814-4226"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110458","display_name":"Institute of Electronics","ror":"https://ror.org/01z143507","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210110458"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fei Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Electronics, Chinese Academy and Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Electronics, Chinese Academy and Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110458"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yuan-feng Wei","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110458","display_name":"Institute of Electronics","ror":"https://ror.org/01z143507","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210110458"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuan-feng Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Electronics, Chinese Academy and Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Electronics, Chinese Academy and Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110458"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100360690","display_name":"Jia Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4697-8237"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jia Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, CN"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, CN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100689537"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110458"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.17339985,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"636","last_page":"639"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ring-oscillator","display_name":"Ring oscillator","score":0.658490002155304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clock-generator","display_name":"Clock generator","score":0.6032443046569824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ring","display_name":"Ring (chemistry)","score":0.5824325680732727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.5394421815872192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.5203258991241455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generator","display_name":"Generator (circuit theory)","score":0.519347071647644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/differential","display_name":"Differential (mechanical device)","score":0.48659050464630127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage-controlled-oscillator","display_name":"Voltage-controlled oscillator","score":0.450337678194046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-locked-loop","display_name":"Phase-locked loop","score":0.4189067482948303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-circuit","display_name":"Electronic circuit","score":0.40734076499938965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3776249587535858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3379497528076172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.32442349195480347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.2790897488594055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2130260467529297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-noise","display_name":"Phase noise","score":0.20997533202171326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.15722402930259705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","score":0.142488032579422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clock-signal","display_name":"Clock signal","score":0.13213098049163818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.12256193161010742}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104111718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2153973","display_name":"Ring oscillator","level":3,"score":0.658490002155304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778023540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2164847","display_name":"Clock generator","level":4,"score":0.6032443046569824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351438","display_name":"Ring (chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.5824325680732727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.5394421815872192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.5203258991241455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780992000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17016113","display_name":"Generator (circuit theory)","level":3,"score":0.519347071647644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93226319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193137","display_name":"Differential (mechanical device)","level":2,"score":0.48659050464630127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5291336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q852341","display_name":"Voltage-controlled oscillator","level":3,"score":0.450337678194046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12707504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52637","display_name":"Phase-locked loop","level":3,"score":0.4189067482948303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134146338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1815901","display_name":"Electronic circuit","level":2,"score":0.40734076499938965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3776249587535858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3379497528076172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.32442349195480347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.2790897488594055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2130260467529297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89631360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1428766","display_name":"Phase noise","level":2,"score":0.20997533202171326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.15722402930259705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.142488032579422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137059387","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q426882","display_name":"Clock signal","level":3,"score":0.13213098049163818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.12256193161010742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/apccas.2010.5774827","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/apccas.2010.5774827","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2010 IEEE Asia Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1566916904","https://openalex.org/W2079016261","https://openalex.org/W2093587649","https://openalex.org/W2118565267","https://openalex.org/W2149563461"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2976219355","https://openalex.org/W2089131288","https://openalex.org/W1600405202","https://openalex.org/W1486070987","https://openalex.org/W3064661991","https://openalex.org/W4384502435","https://openalex.org/W2301158783","https://openalex.org/W4200332348","https://openalex.org/W1557347312","https://openalex.org/W2133120878"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,67,76],"start-up":[1,62,74],"conditions":[2],"for":[3],"differential":[4,91],"oscillator":[5],"with":[6,18,81],"an":[7,22,36,60],"even":[8],"number":[9,24],"of":[10,25,52,86],"stages":[11],"are":[12],"analyzed":[13],"in":[14,40,94],"this":[15],"paper.":[16],"Compared":[17],"those":[19],"that":[20],"have":[21,30],"odd":[23],"stages,":[26],"such":[27],"oscillators":[28],"may":[29],"two":[31],"stable":[32,58],"equilibrium":[33,38],"states":[34],"besides":[35],"astable":[37],"state":[39],"which":[41],"the":[42,50,57,73,82],"circuits":[43],"can":[44],"start":[45],"to":[46],"oscillate.":[47],"To":[48],"avoid":[49],"risk":[51],"possible":[53],"latching":[54],"up":[55],"into":[56],"states,":[59],"additional":[61],"circuit":[63,69],"technique":[64],"is":[65,78],"proposed.":[66],"proposed":[68],"should":[70],"also":[71],"reduce":[72],"time.":[75],"theory":[77],"further":[79],"confirmed":[80],"design":[83],"and":[84],"fabrication":[85],"a":[87,95,101],"4-stage":[88],"against":[89],"3-stage":[90],"ring":[92],"VCO's":[93],"PLL":[96],"clock":[97],"generator":[98],"based":[99],"on":[100],"0.13\u03bcm":[102],"CMOS":[103],"process.":[104]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-16T08:26:57.006410","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
