{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1723780338","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/apccas.2002.1115149","title":"Analysis of shape from shading algorithms for fast and realistic 3D face reconstruction APCCAS2002","display_name":"Analysis of shape from shading algorithms for fast and realistic 3D face reconstruction APCCAS2002","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-06-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1723780338","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/apccas.2002.1115149","mag":"1723780338"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/apccas.2002.1115149","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/apccas.2002.1115149","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306417752","display_name":"Asia Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Asia-Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081741492","display_name":"Mohamad Ivan Fanany","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6050-664X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114531698","display_name":"Tokyo Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0112mx960","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114531698"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"M.I. Fanany","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science, Graduate School of Information Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan","Fac. of Comput. Sci., Tokyo Inst. of Technol., Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science, Graduate School of Information Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114531698"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fac. of Comput. Sci., Tokyo Inst. of Technol., Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114531698"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024015306","display_name":"Itsuo Kumazawa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5409-2727"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114531698","display_name":"Tokyo Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0112mx960","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114531698"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"I. Kumazawa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science, Graduate School of Information Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan","Fac. of Comput. Sci., Tokyo Inst. of Technol., Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science, Graduate School of Information Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114531698"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fac. of Comput. Sci., Tokyo Inst. of Technol., Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114531698"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5081741492"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114531698"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8488,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.6983871,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":null,"first_page":"181","last_page":"185"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10719","display_name":"3D Shape Modeling and Analysis","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6965623497962952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6299146413803101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.6008394956588745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vertex","display_name":"Vertex (graph theory)","score":0.6001606583595276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polygon","display_name":"Polygon (computer graphics)","score":0.537043035030365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5230209231376648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3d-reconstruction","display_name":"3D reconstruction","score":0.5145037174224854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.48638013005256653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iterative-reconstruction","display_name":"Iterative reconstruction","score":0.4830265939235687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.48112502694129944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.4799499809741974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measure","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","score":0.47109732031822205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reconstruction-algorithm","display_name":"Reconstruction algorithm","score":0.4538972079753876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.43132758140563965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photometric-stereo","display_name":"Photometric stereo","score":0.42918896675109863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.3428972363471985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.10882028937339783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.10461398959159851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.09644657373428345}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6965623497962952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6299146413803101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.6008394956588745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80899671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1304193","display_name":"Vertex (graph theory)","level":3,"score":0.6001606583595276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190694206","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3276654","display_name":"Polygon (computer graphics)","level":3,"score":0.537043035030365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5230209231376648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109950114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4464732","display_name":"3D reconstruction","level":2,"score":0.5145037174224854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.48638013005256653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141379421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6094427","display_name":"Iterative reconstruction","level":2,"score":0.4830265939235687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.48112502694129944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4799499809741974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.47109732031822205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779898584","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7820109","display_name":"Reconstruction algorithm","level":3,"score":0.4538972079753876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.43132758140563965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44365914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17120636","display_name":"Photometric stereo","level":3,"score":0.42918896675109863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3428972363471985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.10882028937339783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.10461398959159851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.09644657373428345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126042441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324888","display_name":"Frame (networking)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/apccas.2002.1115149","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/apccas.2002.1115149","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306417752","display_name":"Asia Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Asia-Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6299999952316284,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1511564331","https://openalex.org/W1946812025","https://openalex.org/W1971719398","https://openalex.org/W1974195097","https://openalex.org/W2031060240","https://openalex.org/W2038167842","https://openalex.org/W2038535446","https://openalex.org/W2042535240","https://openalex.org/W2052936048","https://openalex.org/W2105403484","https://openalex.org/W2118304946","https://openalex.org/W2140148881","https://openalex.org/W2172239760","https://openalex.org/W2561330338","https://openalex.org/W3150108116","https://openalex.org/W6680475223","https://openalex.org/W6793445092","https://openalex.org/W6903739897"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4281689346","https://openalex.org/W2978007711","https://openalex.org/W4311877537","https://openalex.org/W2077694017","https://openalex.org/W2753113106","https://openalex.org/W1561262837","https://openalex.org/W2087312114","https://openalex.org/W2031832834","https://openalex.org/W2055365636","https://openalex.org/W2077148454"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,120],"aim":[1],"of":[2,20,29,66,87,97,111,142,151],"this":[3,81],"paper":[4],"is":[5,26,57,73,105,123,133],"to":[6,92,100,135,172],"attain":[7],"a":[8,17,62],"fast":[9],"and":[10,117,169],"realistic":[11],"3D":[12,95,145,174,178],"face":[13,99],"reconstruction,":[14],"when":[15],"only":[16,191],"limited":[18],"set":[19,65],"images":[21,34,67],"taken":[22],"from":[23,107],"multiple":[24],"views,":[25],"available.":[27],"Instead":[28],"relying":[30],"merely":[31],"on":[32,148,161],"2D":[33,192],"as":[35],"suggested":[36],"by":[37,69,125,177,189],"image-based":[38,70],"modeling":[39,71],"approaches,":[40],"we":[41,59,83,165,196],"investigate":[42,84],"several":[43,152],"shape-from-shading":[44],"(SFS)":[45],"techniques,":[46,164],"which":[47,132],"have":[48],"been":[49],"studied":[50],"extensively":[51],"in":[52,76,203],"computer":[53],"vision":[54],"research.":[55],"This":[56],"because":[58],"believe":[60],"that":[61],"nearly":[63],"complete":[64],"required":[68],"techniques":[72],"rarely":[74],"available":[75],"real":[77],"world":[78],"applications.":[79],"In":[80,194],"paper,":[82],"the":[85,98,138,157,204],"effectiveness":[86],"three":[88,108],"different":[89,109],"SFS":[90,112,163],"algorithms":[91],"provide":[93],"partial":[94],"shapes":[96],"be":[101],"reconstructed.":[102],"Each":[103],"algorithm":[104],"selected":[106],"classes":[110],"technique,":[113],"i.e.,":[114],"linear,":[115],"propagation,":[116],"minimization":[118],"approaches.":[119],"reconstruction":[121,158,205],"process":[122],"performed":[124],"our":[126],"novel":[127],"neural":[128],"network":[129],"learning":[130],"scheme,":[131],"able":[134],"successively":[136],"refine":[137],"polygon":[139],"vertices":[140],"parameter":[141],"an":[143],"initial":[144],"shape,":[146],"based":[147,160],"depth":[149],"maps":[150],"calibrated":[153],"images.":[154,193],"To":[155],"evaluate":[156],"result":[159,185],"those":[162,187],"measure":[166,198],"average":[167],"vertex-error":[168],"pixel-error":[170],"compared":[171,183],"actual":[173],"data":[175],"obtained":[176,188],"scanner":[179],"device.":[180],"We":[181],"also":[182,197],"these":[184],"with":[186],"using":[190],"addition,":[195],"total":[199],"computational":[200],"time":[201],"needed":[202],"process.":[206]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}