{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2987960210","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ancs.2019.8901890","title":"A Low-Cost and Energy-Efficient NoC Architecture for GPGPUs","display_name":"A Low-Cost and Energy-Efficient NoC Architecture for GPGPUs","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2987960210","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ancs.2019.8901890","mag":"2987960210"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ancs.2019.8901890","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ancs.2019.8901890","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 ACM/IEEE Symposium on Architectures for Networking and Communications Systems (ANCS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003848547","display_name":"Xianwei Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3550-2647"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123534392","display_name":"University of North Texas","ror":"https://ror.org/00v97ad02","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123534392"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xianwei Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of North Texas,Department of Computer Science and Engineering,USA","Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of North Texas, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of North Texas,Department of Computer Science and Engineering,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123534392"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of North Texas, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123534392"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107593559","display_name":"Yang Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8023-1551"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154570441","display_name":"University of California, Santa Barbara","ror":"https://ror.org/02t274463","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Santa Barbara,USA","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Santa Barbara,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020348743","display_name":"Mohammadreza Robaei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8991-1182"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123534392","display_name":"University of North Texas","ror":"https://ror.org/00v97ad02","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123534392"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammadreza Robaei","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of North Texas,Department of Computer Science and Engineering,USA","Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of North Texas, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of North Texas,Department of Computer Science and Engineering,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123534392"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of North Texas, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123534392"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090623049","display_name":"Beilei Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3985-333X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123534392","display_name":"University of North Texas","ror":"https://ror.org/00v97ad02","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123534392"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Beilei Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of North Texas,Department of Computer Science and Engineering,USA","Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of North Texas, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of North Texas,Department of Computer Science and Engineering,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123534392"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of North Texas, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123534392"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058413620","display_name":"Hui Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3683-4077"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123534392","display_name":"University of North Texas","ror":"https://ror.org/00v97ad02","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123534392"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hui Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of North Texas,Department of Computer Science and Engineering,USA","Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of North Texas, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of North Texas,Department of Computer Science and Engineering,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123534392"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of North Texas, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123534392"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068805139","display_name":"Juan Fang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4542-8727"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juan Fang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology,China","School of Information Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5003848547"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123534392"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1768,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.556138,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"12"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10829","display_name":"Interconnection Networks and Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10829","display_name":"Interconnection Networks and Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10179","display_name":"Supercapacitor Materials and Fabrication","score":0.9883999824523926,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2504","display_name":"Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8620343208312988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-on-a-chip","display_name":"Network on a chip","score":0.5550442934036255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.5038344264030457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crossbar-switch","display_name":"Crossbar switch","score":0.5005395412445068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-topology","display_name":"Network topology","score":0.49922871589660645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.47557035088539124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.4728061258792877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.47139599919319153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.4643023610115051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/general-purpose-computing-on-graphics-processing-units","display_name":"General-purpose computing on graphics processing units","score":0.45050859451293945}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8620343208312988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128519102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q339554","display_name":"Network on a chip","level":2,"score":0.5550442934036255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.5038344264030457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29984679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1929149","display_name":"Crossbar switch","level":2,"score":0.5005395412445068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199845137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145490","display_name":"Network topology","level":2,"score":0.49922871589660645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.47557035088539124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.4728061258792877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.47139599919319153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.4643023610115051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50630238","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q971505","display_name":"General-purpose computing on graphics processing units","level":3,"score":0.45050859451293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21442007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1027879","display_name":"Graphics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ancs.2019.8901890","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ancs.2019.8901890","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 ACM/IEEE Symposium on Architectures for Networking and Communications Systems (ANCS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1501077214","https://openalex.org/W1979527452","https://openalex.org/W1988294273","https://openalex.org/W2025177582","https://openalex.org/W2028173051","https://openalex.org/W2029333316","https://openalex.org/W2055881261","https://openalex.org/W2066985990","https://openalex.org/W2080592089","https://openalex.org/W2081883574","https://openalex.org/W2085078824","https://openalex.org/W2095996718","https://openalex.org/W2096736162","https://openalex.org/W2099399959","https://openalex.org/W2106404421","https://openalex.org/W2107333973","https://openalex.org/W2107848407","https://openalex.org/W2110820058","https://openalex.org/W2117254768","https://openalex.org/W2120052218","https://openalex.org/W2128204867","https://openalex.org/W2129163257","https://openalex.org/W2130531694","https://openalex.org/W2130820665","https://openalex.org/W2142127152","https://openalex.org/W2149804187","https://openalex.org/W2151491092","https://openalex.org/W2157614013","https://openalex.org/W2160610190","https://openalex.org/W2166678275","https://openalex.org/W2169275978","https://openalex.org/W2179513480","https://openalex.org/W2289700666","https://openalex.org/W2401855529","https://openalex.org/W2531751603","https://openalex.org/W2551185646","https://openalex.org/W2741819528","https://openalex.org/W2809416905","https://openalex.org/W3145991365","https://openalex.org/W3152438252","https://openalex.org/W4240575514","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6630005587","https://openalex.org/W6677731180","https://openalex.org/W6679359031","https://openalex.org/W6679518955","https://openalex.org/W6681156561","https://openalex.org/W6684557965","https://openalex.org/W6730088327","https://openalex.org/W6742178989"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6350172","https://openalex.org/W12027773","https://openalex.org/W9758604","https://openalex.org/W6586361","https://openalex.org/W5738061","https://openalex.org/W11612074","https://openalex.org/W5530410","https://openalex.org/W2764298","https://openalex.org/W14835197","https://openalex.org/W11695757"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"GPGPU":[0,19],"accelerated":[1],"systems":[2],"demand":[3],"high":[4],"throughput":[5],"in":[6,9,107,144],"data":[7],"communication":[8],"order":[10,145],"to":[11,45,70,83,118,127,133,146,159],"fully":[12],"exploit":[13],"thread-level":[14],"parallelism.":[15],"Most":[16],"of":[17,50,104,166],"current":[18],"Network-on-Chips":[20],"(NoCs)":[21],"employ":[22],"topology":[23,112],"adapted":[24],"from":[25],"CPUs,":[26],"such":[27,40],"as":[28],"mesh":[29],"and":[30,37,80,86,113,186,190],"crossbar.":[31],"However,":[32,98],"the":[33,46,67,102,108,115,194],"trade-off":[34],"between":[35],"performance":[36,179],"cost":[38],"for":[39],"networks":[41],"is":[42,141],"sub-optimal,":[43],"due":[44],"unique":[47],"traffic":[48,73],"pattern":[49],"GPUs.":[51],"In":[52],"this":[53,99,123],"work,":[54],"we":[55,125],"propose":[56,126,152],"a":[57,153],"novel":[58,154],"NoC":[59],"architecture":[60],"called":[61],"fused":[62],"fat":[63,68,110],"tree":[64,69,84,111],"which":[65],"modifies":[66],"match":[71],"GPU":[72],"pattern.":[74],"By":[75],"separately":[76],"connecting":[77],"memory":[78],"controllers":[79],"computing":[81],"cores":[82],"roots":[85],"leaves,":[87],"protocol":[88],"deadlocks":[89],"can":[90,177],"be":[91],"avoided":[92],"using":[93],"just":[94],"one":[95],"physical":[96],"network.":[97],"modification":[100],"removes":[101],"advantage":[103,165],"path":[105],"diversity":[106],"original":[109],"makes":[114],"network":[116,148],"vulnerable":[117],"hotspot-caused":[119],"congestion.":[120],"To":[121],"solve":[122],"problem,":[124],"fuse":[128],"routers":[129],"with":[130],"side":[131],"links":[132],"create":[134],"multiple":[135],"paths.":[136],"A":[137],"load-balancing":[138],"routing":[139],"algorithm":[140],"also":[142,151],"proposed":[143],"increase":[147],"throughput.":[149],"We":[150],"preemptive":[155],"bandwidth":[156],"allocation":[157],"scheme":[158],"improve":[160,178],"resource":[161],"utilization":[162],"by":[163,180],"taking":[164],"request":[167],"message":[168],"slacks.":[169],"Our":[170],"evaluation":[171],"results":[172],"show":[173],"that":[174],"our":[175],"design":[176],"46%":[181],"while":[182],"achieving":[183],"27":[184],"%":[185,188],"25":[187],"area":[189],"energy":[191],"savings":[192],"on":[193],"average.":[195]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}