{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2134055945","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/amfg.2003.1240846","title":"Real-time view-based face alignment using active wavelet networks","display_name":"Real-time view-based face alignment using active wavelet networks","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-04-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2134055945","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/amfg.2003.1240846","mag":"2134055945"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/amfg.2003.1240846","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/amfg.2003.1240846","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2003 IEEE International SOI Conference. Proceedings (Cat. No.03CH37443)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052923037","display_name":"Chaofang Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3461-302X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154570441","display_name":"University of California, Santa Barbara","ror":"https://ror.org/02t274463","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"C. Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA","Dept. of Comput. Sci., California Univ., Santa Barbara, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Comput. Sci., California Univ., Santa Barbara, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111930150","display_name":"Rog\u00e9rio Feris","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154570441","display_name":"University of California, Santa Barbara","ror":"https://ror.org/02t274463","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Feris","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA","Dept. of Comput. Sci., California Univ., Santa Barbara, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Comput. Sci., California Univ., Santa Barbara, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085409762","display_name":"Matthew Turk","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4198-8401"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154570441","display_name":"University of California, Santa Barbara","ror":"https://ror.org/02t274463","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Turk","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA","Dept. of Comput. Sci., California Univ., Santa Barbara, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Comput. Sci., California Univ., Santa Barbara, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5052923037"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.9311,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":33,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87435009,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"215","last_page":"221"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.819916844367981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7330244779586792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7305822372436523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pentium","display_name":"Pentium","score":0.6371484994888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavelet","display_name":"Wavelet","score":0.6164716482162476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5962913036346436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.5936633348464966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/active-appearance-model","display_name":"Active appearance model","score":0.5625036954879761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5092669725418091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavelet-transform","display_name":"Wavelet transform","score":0.4689941704273224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.44892072677612305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.41879695653915405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.12871572375297546}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.819916844367981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7330244779586792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7305822372436523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46268123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214314","display_name":"Pentium","level":2,"score":0.6371484994888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47432892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831390","display_name":"Wavelet","level":2,"score":0.6164716482162476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5962913036346436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.5936633348464966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83248878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q344000","display_name":"Active appearance model","level":3,"score":0.5625036954879761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5092669725418091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196216189","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2867","display_name":"Wavelet transform","level":3,"score":0.4689941704273224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.44892072677612305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.41879695653915405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.12871572375297546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/amfg.2003.1240846","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/amfg.2003.1240846","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2003 IEEE International SOI Conference. Proceedings (Cat. No.03CH37443)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.9.4575","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.9.4575","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cs.ucsb.edu/~rferis/publications/iccv2003.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1494552275","https://openalex.org/W1553372013","https://openalex.org/W1742439506","https://openalex.org/W1996021349","https://openalex.org/W1996390730","https://openalex.org/W2029835507","https://openalex.org/W2038952578","https://openalex.org/W2085714685","https://openalex.org/W2096503284","https://openalex.org/W2104095591","https://openalex.org/W2108699977","https://openalex.org/W2111125209","https://openalex.org/W2120954940","https://openalex.org/W2123116174","https://openalex.org/W2128100799","https://openalex.org/W2152826865","https://openalex.org/W2180187800","https://openalex.org/W2394543221","https://openalex.org/W3169507310","https://openalex.org/W3214102110","https://openalex.org/W6675770446","https://openalex.org/W6678465125","https://openalex.org/W6804270185"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1597195064","https://openalex.org/W1545378222","https://openalex.org/W2915007006","https://openalex.org/W2129938370","https://openalex.org/W3164835776","https://openalex.org/W2230641373","https://openalex.org/W1560501822","https://openalex.org/W2039249740","https://openalex.org/W4240478293","https://openalex.org/W2077021924"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"active":[1,21],"wavelet":[2],"network":[3],"(AWN)":[4],"[C.":[5],"Hu":[6],"et":[7],"al.,":[8],"(2003)]":[9],"approach":[10],"was":[11],"recently":[12],"proposed":[13],"for":[14,109],"automatic":[15],"face":[16,76,107],"alignment,":[17],"showing":[18],"advantages":[19],"over":[20],"appearance":[22],"models":[23],"(AAM),":[24],"such":[25],"as":[26],"more":[27],"robustness":[28,48],"against":[29],"partial":[30],"occlusions":[31],"and":[32,61,111],"illumination":[33],"changes.":[34],"We":[35,103],"(1)":[36],"extend":[37],"the":[38,47],"AWN":[39],"method":[40,70],"to":[41,54,74],"a":[42,58,80,98],"view-based":[43],"approach,":[44],"(2)":[45],"verify":[46],"of":[49,85],"our":[50,69,89],"algorithm":[51],"with":[52,79],"respect":[53],"unseen":[55],"views":[56],"in":[57,83,106],"large":[59,117],"dataset":[60],"(3)":[62],"show":[63,104],"that":[64],"using":[65],"only":[66,92],"nine":[67],"wavelets,":[68],"yields":[71],"similar":[72],"performance":[73],"state-of-the-art":[75],"alignment":[77,108],"systems,":[78],"significant":[81],"enhancement":[82],"terms":[84],"speed.":[86],"After":[87],"optimization,":[88],"system":[90],"requires":[91],"3":[93],"ms":[94],"per":[95],"iteration":[96],"on":[97],"1.6":[99],"GHz":[100],"Pentium":[101],"IV.":[102],"applications":[105],"recognition":[110],"real-time":[112],"facial":[113],"feature":[114],"tracking":[115],"under":[116],"pose":[118],"variations.":[119]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}