{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2101385198","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/amfg.2003.1240830","title":"Using similarity scores from a small gallery to estimate recognition performance for larger galleries","display_name":"Using similarity scores from a small gallery to estimate recognition performance for larger galleries","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-04-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2101385198","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/amfg.2003.1240830","mag":"2101385198"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/amfg.2003.1240830","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/amfg.2003.1240830","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2003 IEEE International SOI Conference. Proceedings (Cat. No.03CH37443)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111928850","display_name":"Amos Johnson","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800444561","display_name":"Atlanta Technical College","ror":"https://ror.org/01s3vfp47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800444561"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"A.Y. Johnson","raw_affiliation_strings":["GVU Center / College of Computing, Georgia Tech, Atlanta, CA, USA","Coll. of Comput., Georgia Tech, Atlanta, GA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GVU Center / College of Computing, Georgia Tech, Atlanta, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Coll. of Comput., Georgia Tech, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800444561","https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004502095","display_name":"Jie Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2553-1804"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800444561","display_name":"Atlanta Technical College","ror":"https://ror.org/01s3vfp47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800444561"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["GVU Center / College of Computing, Georgia Tech, Atlanta, CA, USA","Coll. of Comput., Georgia Tech, Atlanta, GA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GVU Center / College of Computing, Georgia Tech, Atlanta, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Coll. of Comput., Georgia Tech, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800444561","https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014205993","display_name":"Aaron Bobick","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800444561","display_name":"Atlanta Technical College","ror":"https://ror.org/01s3vfp47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800444561"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A.F. Bobick","raw_affiliation_strings":["GVU Center / College of Computing, Georgia Tech, Atlanta, CA, USA","Coll. of Comput., Georgia Tech, Atlanta, GA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GVU Center / College of Computing, Georgia Tech, Atlanta, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Coll. of Comput., Georgia Tech, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800444561","https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5111928850"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444","https://openalex.org/I2800444561"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.926,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":30,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93776292,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"100","last_page":"103"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9919999837875366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.6252774000167847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.6182878613471985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rank","display_name":"Rank (graph theory)","score":0.5971115231513977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5686069130897522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5088391900062561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5024805068969727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.4853047728538513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.4845404028892517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.44653597474098206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/k-nearest-neighbors-algorithm","display_name":"k-nearest neighbors algorithm","score":0.4413054585456848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.4138581156730652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.34590578079223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.14184671640396118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.1191127598285675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.08465775847434998}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.6252774000167847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.6182878613471985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164226766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293202","display_name":"Rank (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.5971115231513977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5686069130897522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5088391900062561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5024805068969727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.4853047728538513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.4845404028892517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.44653597474098206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113238511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071612","display_name":"k-nearest neighbors algorithm","level":2,"score":0.4413054585456848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4138581156730652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.34590578079223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.14184671640396118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.1191127598285675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.08465775847434998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/amfg.2003.1240830","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/amfg.2003.1240830","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2003 IEEE International SOI Conference. Proceedings (Cat. No.03CH37443)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1998991383","https://openalex.org/W2092988036","https://openalex.org/W2102773363","https://openalex.org/W2137385871","https://openalex.org/W2143999933","https://openalex.org/W3203633735","https://openalex.org/W4233204037","https://openalex.org/W4302777310"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2112835755","https://openalex.org/W4291951920","https://openalex.org/W2349674371","https://openalex.org/W2097495471","https://openalex.org/W2375480909","https://openalex.org/W1696545756","https://openalex.org/W2952827811","https://openalex.org/W2056202066","https://openalex.org/W2353314428","https://openalex.org/W2384651879"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"present":[1],"a":[2,16,26,85,88,144],"method":[3],"to":[4,41,117,127,132],"estimate":[5,42,118],"recognition":[6,68,119,141],"performance":[7,99,120],"for":[8],"large":[9],"galleries":[10],"of":[11,35,45,57,67,79,87,146],"individuals":[12,131],"using":[13,143],"data":[14],"from":[15,84,148],"significantly":[17],"smaller":[18,37],"gallery.":[19,134],"This":[20,135],"is":[21,62,137],"achieved":[22],"by":[23],"mathematically":[24],"modelling":[25],"cumulative":[27],"match":[28],"characteristic":[29],"(CMC)":[30],"curve.":[31],"The":[32,70],"similarity":[33],"scores":[34],"the":[36,43,46,49,53,58,77,96,108,133,149],"gallery":[38,86,93,109,122],"are":[39,51],"used":[40,63],"parameters":[44,50],"model.":[47],"After":[48],"estimated,":[52],"rank":[54,71,97],"1":[55,72,98],"point":[56,73],"modelled":[59],"CMC":[60],"curve":[61],"as":[64,92,121],"our":[65],"measure":[66],"performance.":[69],"(i.e.;":[74],"nearest-neighbor)":[75],"represents":[76],"probability":[78],"correctly":[80],"identifying":[81],"an":[82],"individual":[83],"particular":[89],"size;":[90],"however,":[91],"size":[94,123],"increases,":[95],"decays.":[100],"Our":[101],"model,":[102],"without":[103,125],"making":[104],"any":[105],"assumptions":[106],"about":[107],"distribution,":[110],"replicates":[111],"this":[112],"effect,":[113],"and":[114],"allows":[115],"us":[116],"increases":[124],"needing":[126],"physically":[128],"add":[129],"more":[130],"model":[136],"evaluated":[138],"on":[139],"face":[140],"techniques":[142],"set":[145],"faces":[147],"FERET":[150],"database.":[151]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}