{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2993276217","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/allerton.2019.8919890","title":"Improved read/write cost tradeoff in DNA-based data storage using LDPC codes","display_name":"Improved read/write cost tradeoff in DNA-based data storage using LDPC codes","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2993276217","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/allerton.2019.8919890","mag":"2993276217"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/allerton.2019.8919890","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/allerton.2019.8919890","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 57th Annual Allerton Conference on Communication, Control, and Computing (Allerton)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086012490","display_name":"Shubham Chandak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1130-9762"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shubham Chandak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057314465","display_name":"Hanlee P. Ji","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3772-3424"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kedar Tatwawadi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Billy Lau","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Billy Lau","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jay Mardia","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jay Mardia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Matthew Kubit","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthew Kubit","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Joachim Neu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joachim Neu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Peter Griffin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter Griffin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Mary Wootters","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mary Wootters","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Tsachy Weissman","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tsachy Weissman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043344688","display_name":"Tsachy Weissman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1099-691X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hanlee Ji","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.65,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":70,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91013917,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"147","last_page":"156"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12029","display_name":"DNA and Biological Computing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12029","display_name":"DNA and Biological Computing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11181","display_name":"Advanced Data Storage Technologies","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12162","display_name":"Cellular Automata and Applications","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7762488126754761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-density-parity-check-code","display_name":"Low-density parity-check code","score":0.5937235951423645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/error-detection-and-correction","display_name":"Error detection and correction","score":0.5796525478363037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/erasure-code","display_name":"Erasure code","score":0.5179120898246765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/erasure","display_name":"Erasure","score":0.5175178050994873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-data-storage","display_name":"Computer data storage","score":0.48012685775756836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forward-error-correction","display_name":"Forward error correction","score":0.4724105894565582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coding","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","score":0.4231281280517578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.4192650020122528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/petabyte","display_name":"Petabyte","score":0.4171084761619568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4150250256061554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.361466646194458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.3613392412662506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.15515807271003723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.09620901942253113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.08847200870513916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.08475622534751892}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7762488126754761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67692717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187444","display_name":"Low-density parity-check code","level":3,"score":0.5937235951423645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103088060","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062839","display_name":"Error detection and correction","level":2,"score":0.5796525478363037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137529215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5385031","display_name":"Erasure code","level":3,"score":0.5179120898246765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778790127","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484885","display_name":"Erasure","level":2,"score":0.5175178050994873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194739806","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q66221","display_name":"Computer data storage","level":2,"score":0.48012685775756836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202932441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55611017","display_name":"Forward error correction","level":3,"score":0.4724105894565582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179518139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5140297","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","level":2,"score":0.4231281280517578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.4192650020122528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13600138","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8799","display_name":"Petabyte","level":3,"score":0.4171084761619568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4150250256061554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.361466646194458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.3613392412662506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.15515807271003723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.09620901942253113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.08847200870513916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.08475622534751892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75684735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858810","display_name":"Big data","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/allerton.2019.8919890","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/allerton.2019.8919890","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 57th Annual Allerton Conference on Communication, Control, and Computing (Allerton)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8700000047683716,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1518976047","https://openalex.org/W1946587648","https://openalex.org/W2025383314","https://openalex.org/W2032118018","https://openalex.org/W2053950423","https://openalex.org/W2083774980","https://openalex.org/W2099111195","https://openalex.org/W2106864314","https://openalex.org/W2114487425","https://openalex.org/W2121413434","https://openalex.org/W2125870772","https://openalex.org/W2148575324","https://openalex.org/W2156938362","https://openalex.org/W2162980030","https://openalex.org/W2170831688","https://openalex.org/W2210387432","https://openalex.org/W2296600582","https://openalex.org/W2471091339","https://openalex.org/W2550586733","https://openalex.org/W2592122940","https://openalex.org/W2615068531","https://openalex.org/W2788257106","https://openalex.org/W2962809499","https://openalex.org/W2963198144","https://openalex.org/W2964325683","https://openalex.org/W2975272953","https://openalex.org/W2976482814","https://openalex.org/W3037026856","https://openalex.org/W3196936597","https://openalex.org/W4229922087","https://openalex.org/W4237064274","https://openalex.org/W4248096216","https://openalex.org/W4256648168","https://openalex.org/W6749051496","https://openalex.org/W6760491933","https://openalex.org/W6800116375"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2982181605","https://openalex.org/W2130518071","https://openalex.org/W3102119340","https://openalex.org/W2137028263","https://openalex.org/W2115768470","https://openalex.org/W2623918504","https://openalex.org/W2957709805","https://openalex.org/W1694938350","https://openalex.org/W2744779861","https://openalex.org/W2031335939"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,57,80,84,130,136,164,167,193,225,234],"amount":[2],"of":[3,34,50,59,83,129,132,150,231],"data":[4,247],"being":[5],"stored":[6],"increasing":[7],"rapidly,":[8],"there":[9,86,125],"is":[10,114,126,260],"significant":[11],"interest":[12],"in":[13,56,66,91,157,173],"exploring":[14],"alternative":[15],"storage":[16,22,28,75,81,175],"technologies.":[17,38],"In":[18],"this":[19,92,133,160],"context,":[20],"DNA-based":[21,74,174],"systems":[23],"can":[24],"offer":[25],"significantly":[26],"higher":[27],"densities":[29],"(petabytes/gram)":[30],"and":[31,69,104,122,143,169,176,197,209,220,252,257],"durability":[32],"(thousands":[33],"years)":[35],"than":[36,242],"current":[37],"Specifically,":[39],"DNA":[40,67],"has":[41,53],"been":[42,54,88],"found":[43],"to":[44,115,154,181,217],"be":[45,155],"stable":[46],"over":[47],"extended":[48],"periods":[49],"time":[51],"which":[52,151],"demonstrated":[55],"analysis":[58],"organisms":[60],"long":[61],"since":[62],"extinct.":[63],"Recent":[64],"advances":[65],"sequencing":[68],"synthesis":[70,226,251],"pipelines":[71],"have":[72,87],"made":[73],"a":[76,178,200,229],"promising":[77],"candidate":[78],"for":[79,101,107,119,206],"technology":[82],"future.Recently,":[85],"multiple":[89],"efforts":[90],"direction,":[93],"focusing":[94],"on":[95,146,245],"aspects":[96],"such":[97],"as":[98],"error":[99,210],"correction":[100,106],"synthesis/sequencing":[102],"errors":[103,121,222],"erasure":[105,208],"handling":[108,120],"missing":[109],"sequences.":[110],"The":[111],"typical":[112],"approach":[113],"use":[116,139],"separate":[117],"codes":[118,142],"erasures,":[123],"but":[124],"limited":[127],"understanding":[128],"efficiency":[131],"framework.":[134],"Furthermore,":[135],"existing":[137],"techniques":[138,216,244],"short":[140],"block-length":[141,203],"heavily":[144],"rely":[145],"read":[147],"consensus,":[148],"both":[149,207],"are":[152],"known":[153],"suboptimal":[156],"coding":[158],"theory.In":[159],"work,":[161],"we":[162],"study":[163],"tradeoff":[165,185],"between":[166,186],"writing":[168,232],"reading":[170,240],"costs":[171,241],"involved":[172],"propose":[177],"practical":[179],"scheme":[180,190,236],"achieve":[182],"an":[183],"improved":[184],"these":[187],"quantities.":[188],"Our":[189],"breaks":[191],"with":[192],"traditional":[194],"separation":[195],"framework":[196],"instead":[198],"uses":[199],"single":[201],"large":[202],"LDPC":[204],"code":[205],"correction.":[211],"We":[212],"also":[213],"introduce":[214],"novel":[215],"handle":[218],"insertion":[219],"deletion":[221],"introduced":[223],"by":[224],"process.":[227],"For":[228],"range":[230],"costs,":[233],"proposed":[235],"achieves":[237],"30-40%":[238],"lower":[239],"state-of-the-art":[243],"experimental":[246],"obtained":[248],"using":[249],"array":[250],"Illumina":[253],"sequencing.The":[254],"code,":[255],"data,":[256],"Supplementary":[258],"Material":[259],"available":[261],"at":[262],"https://github.com/shubhamchandak94/LDPC_":[263],"DNA_storage.":[264]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}