{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2992831093","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/allerton.2019.8919778","title":"Algorithmic Randomness in Continuous-Time Markov Chains","display_name":"Algorithmic Randomness in Continuous-Time Markov Chains","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2992831093","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/allerton.2019.8919778","mag":"2992831093"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/allerton.2019.8919778","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/allerton.2019.8919778","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 57th Annual Allerton Conference on Communication, Control, and Computing (Allerton)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084381129","display_name":"Xiang Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4815-6130"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173911158","display_name":"Iowa State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04rswrd78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiang Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Iowa State University,Department of Computer Science,Ames,Iowa,USA,50011","Department of Computer Science, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Iowa State University,Department of Computer Science,Ames,Iowa,USA,50011","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064796448","display_name":"Jack H. Lutz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1004-3891"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173911158","display_name":"Iowa State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04rswrd78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jack H. Lutz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Iowa State University,Department of Computer Science,Ames,Iowa,USA,50011","Department of Computer Science, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Iowa State University,Department of Computer Science,Ames,Iowa,USA,50011","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018400592","display_name":"Andrei N. Migunov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1003-2757"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173911158","display_name":"Iowa State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04rswrd78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrei N. Migunov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Iowa State University,Department of Computer Science,Ames,Iowa,USA,50011","Department of Computer Science, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Iowa State University,Department of Computer Science,Ames,Iowa,USA,50011","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5084381129"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0859,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.49188682,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":null,"first_page":"615","last_page":"622"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10621","display_name":"Gene Regulatory Network Analysis","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10621","display_name":"Gene Regulatory Network Analysis","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12002","display_name":"Computability, Logic, AI Algorithms","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12029","display_name":"DNA and Biological Computing","score":0.9846000075340271,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/randomness","display_name":"Randomness","score":0.842496395111084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-chain","display_name":"Markov chain","score":0.74017733335495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6039888262748718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-process","display_name":"Markov process","score":0.5693172216415405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.5042229890823364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/martingale","display_name":"Martingale (probability theory)","score":0.4929664134979248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stochastic-process","display_name":"Stochastic process","score":0.46298494935035706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variable-order-markov-model","display_name":"Variable-order Markov model","score":0.4615021347999573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.43762117624282837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.379558265209198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-model","display_name":"Markov model","score":0.3616410493850708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.32617712020874023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/applied-mathematics","display_name":"Applied mathematics","score":0.24013957381248474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.07393014430999756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.07316592335700989}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125112378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176640","display_name":"Randomness","level":2,"score":0.842496395111084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98763669","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov chain","level":2,"score":0.74017733335495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6039888262748718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159886148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov process","level":2,"score":0.5693172216415405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.5042229890823364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48406656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q534112","display_name":"Martingale (probability theory)","level":2,"score":0.4929664134979248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8272713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176737","display_name":"Stochastic process","level":2,"score":0.46298494935035706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54907487","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7915688","display_name":"Variable-order Markov model","level":4,"score":0.4615021347999573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.43762117624282837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.379558265209198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163836022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6771326","display_name":"Markov model","level":3,"score":0.3616410493850708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.32617712020874023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28826006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33521","display_name":"Applied mathematics","level":1,"score":0.24013957381248474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.07393014430999756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.07316592335700989}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/allerton.2019.8919778","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/allerton.2019.8919778","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 57th Annual Allerton Conference on Communication, Control, and Computing (Allerton)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1488642921","https://openalex.org/W1495923794","https://openalex.org/W1509579779","https://openalex.org/W1541827563","https://openalex.org/W1545819195","https://openalex.org/W1553101044","https://openalex.org/W1574049752","https://openalex.org/W1579696469","https://openalex.org/W1638203394","https://openalex.org/W1804986499","https://openalex.org/W1826171212","https://openalex.org/W1932636156","https://openalex.org/W1997344521","https://openalex.org/W2008797389","https://openalex.org/W2013665528","https://openalex.org/W2029308360","https://openalex.org/W2063998075","https://openalex.org/W2101525278","https://openalex.org/W2137649684","https://openalex.org/W2143986324","https://openalex.org/W2171585602","https://openalex.org/W2559700709","https://openalex.org/W2763382833","https://openalex.org/W2792582989","https://openalex.org/W2949775972","https://openalex.org/W2963620995","https://openalex.org/W3003623942","https://openalex.org/W3101494096","https://openalex.org/W3102062388","https://openalex.org/W4243563333","https://openalex.org/W4297671521","https://openalex.org/W6615843117","https://openalex.org/W6629149720","https://openalex.org/W6633078319","https://openalex.org/W6685112792","https://openalex.org/W6732496840","https://openalex.org/W6755695119"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1998585863","https://openalex.org/W2130519334","https://openalex.org/W1985664346","https://openalex.org/W2382132287","https://openalex.org/W3113307220","https://openalex.org/W3164302780","https://openalex.org/W2009656517","https://openalex.org/W2363310627","https://openalex.org/W2048052024","https://openalex.org/W4360597163"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper":[2],"we":[3,73,83,155],"develop":[4],"the":[5,8,53,78,88,110,140],"elements":[6],"of":[7,10,26,34,70,81,91,100,113,142,146,150,161],"theory":[9,134,164],"algorithmic":[11,71,75],"randomness":[12,76,141],"in":[13,47,66,77,87,108,131,144,159],"continuous-time":[14],"Markov":[15,132],"chains":[16],"(CTMCs).":[17],"Our":[18],"main":[19],"contribution":[20],"is":[21],"a":[22,35,114,147],"rigorous,":[23],"useful":[24],"notion":[25],"what":[27],"it":[28],"means":[29],"for":[30],"an":[31],"individual":[32],"trajectory":[33],"CTMC":[36],"to":[37,105,124,135],"be":[38],"random.":[39],"CTMCs":[40],"have":[41],"discrete":[42],"state":[43,121],"spaces":[44],"and":[45,122,165],"operate":[46],"continuous":[48],"time.":[49],"This,":[50],"together":[51],"with":[52],"fact":[54],"that":[55,127],"trajectories":[56,143],"may":[57,59],"or":[58],"not":[60,64],"halt,":[61],"presents":[62],"challenges":[63],"encountered":[65],"more":[67],"conventional":[68],"developments":[69],"randomness.Although":[72],"formulate":[74],"general":[79],"context":[80],"CTMCs,":[82],"are":[84,97,128],"primarily":[85],"interested":[86],"computational":[89],"power":[90],"stochastic":[92],"chemical":[93],"reaction":[94],"networks,":[95],"which":[96,109],"special":[98],"cases":[99],"CTMCs.":[101],"This":[102],"leads":[103],"us":[104],"embrace":[106],"situations":[107],"long-term":[111],"behavior":[112],"network":[115],"depends":[116],"essentially":[117],"on":[118],"its":[119],"initial":[120],"hence":[123],"eschew":[125],"assumptions":[126],"frequently":[129],"made":[130],"chain":[133],"avoid":[136],"such":[137],"dependencies.After":[138],"defining":[139],"terms":[145,160],"new":[148],"kind":[149],"martingale":[151],"(algorithmic":[152],"betting":[153],"strategy),":[154],"prove":[156],"equivalent":[157],"characterizations":[158],"constructive":[162],"measure":[163],"Kolmogorov":[166],"complexity.":[167]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-02T13:48:15.688549","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}