{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7140698784","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/aixvr67263.2026.00062","title":"Adaptive Virtual Reality for Autism: A Heart Rate Driven Sensory Regulation System Using Large Language Models","display_name":"Adaptive Virtual Reality for Autism: A Heart Rate Driven Sensory Regulation System Using Large Language Models","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7140698784","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/aixvr67263.2026.00062"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/aixvr67263.2026.00062","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/aixvr67263.2026.00062","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2026 IEEE International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and eXtended and Virtual Reality (AIxVR)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123690509","display_name":"Luiza M. F. Cintra","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109276","display_name":"National Institute of Technology Goa","ror":"https://ror.org/01vmfpj79","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210109276"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luiza Cintra","raw_affiliation_strings":["AKCIT, UFG,Goiânia,Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AKCIT, UFG,Goiânia,Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109276"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5095045793","display_name":"Deborah Dantas Arruda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5755-1119"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35046152","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte","ror":"https://ror.org/04wn09761","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35046152"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094979","display_name":"Hospital Universit\u00e1rio Onofre Lopes","ror":"https://ror.org/00mmnz357","country_code":"BR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094979"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Deborah Arruda","raw_affiliation_strings":["AKCIT - IMD, UFRN,Natal,Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AKCIT - IMD, UFRN,Natal,Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35046152","https://openalex.org/I4210094979"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130661898","display_name":"Jo\u00e3o Mello","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35046152","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte","ror":"https://ror.org/04wn09761","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35046152"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094979","display_name":"Hospital Universit\u00e1rio Onofre Lopes","ror":"https://ror.org/00mmnz357","country_code":"BR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094979"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jo\u00e3o Mello","raw_affiliation_strings":["AKCIT - IMD, UFRN,Natal,Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AKCIT - IMD, UFRN,Natal,Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35046152","https://openalex.org/I4210094979"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130652324","display_name":"Davi Freitas","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35046152","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte","ror":"https://ror.org/04wn09761","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35046152"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094979","display_name":"Hospital Universit\u00e1rio Onofre Lopes","ror":"https://ror.org/00mmnz357","country_code":"BR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094979"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Davi Freitas","raw_affiliation_strings":["AKCIT - IMD, UFRN,Natal,Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AKCIT - IMD, UFRN,Natal,Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35046152","https://openalex.org/I4210094979"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107555461","display_name":"Bianca Mirtes Ara\u00fajo Miranda","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35046152","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte","ror":"https://ror.org/04wn09761","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35046152"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094979","display_name":"Hospital Universit\u00e1rio Onofre Lopes","ror":"https://ror.org/00mmnz357","country_code":"BR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094979"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bianca Miranda","raw_affiliation_strings":["AKCIT - IMD, UFRN,Natal,Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AKCIT - IMD, UFRN,Natal,Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35046152","https://openalex.org/I4210094979"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130708316","display_name":"Beatriz Gouveia","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35046152","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte","ror":"https://ror.org/04wn09761","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35046152"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094979","display_name":"Hospital Universit\u00e1rio Onofre Lopes","ror":"https://ror.org/00mmnz357","country_code":"BR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094979"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Beatriz Gouveia","raw_affiliation_strings":["AKCIT - IMD, UFRN,Natal,Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AKCIT - IMD, UFRN,Natal,Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35046152","https://openalex.org/I4210094979"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057232409","display_name":"Guy Webster","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109276","display_name":"National Institute of Technology Goa","ror":"https://ror.org/01vmfpj79","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210109276"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gustavo Webster","raw_affiliation_strings":["AKCIT, UFG,Goiânia,Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AKCIT, UFG,Goiânia,Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109276"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130701939","display_name":"Andressa Bastos","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109276","display_name":"National Institute of Technology Goa","ror":"https://ror.org/01vmfpj79","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210109276"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andressa Bastos","raw_affiliation_strings":["AKCIT, UFG,Goiânia,Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AKCIT, UFG,Goiânia,Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109276"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130630314","display_name":"Elisa Ayumi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109276","display_name":"National Institute of Technology Goa","ror":"https://ror.org/01vmfpj79","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210109276"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elisa Ayumi","raw_affiliation_strings":["AKCIT, UFG,Goiânia,Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AKCIT, UFG,Goiânia,Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109276"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130679504","display_name":"Rafael Sousa","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109276","display_name":"National Institute of Technology Goa","ror":"https://ror.org/01vmfpj79","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210109276"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rafael Sousa","raw_affiliation_strings":["AKCIT, UFG,Goiânia,Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AKCIT, UFG,Goiânia,Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109276"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5105217604","display_name":"Alyson Souza","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35046152","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte","ror":"https://ror.org/04wn09761","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35046152"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094979","display_name":"Hospital Universit\u00e1rio Onofre Lopes","ror":"https://ror.org/00mmnz357","country_code":"BR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094979"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alyson Souza","raw_affiliation_strings":["AKCIT - IMD, UFRN,Natal,Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AKCIT - IMD, UFRN,Natal,Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35046152","https://openalex.org/I4210094979"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000643470","display_name":"Greg Welch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8243-646X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I147878501","display_name":"Orlando Health","ror":"https://ror.org/0488cct49","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I147878501"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gregory Welch","raw_affiliation_strings":["UCF,Orlando,United States of America"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UCF,Orlando,United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I147878501"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128714886","display_name":"Arlindo Galv\u00e3o","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109276","display_name":"National Institute of Technology Goa","ror":"https://ror.org/01vmfpj79","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210109276"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arlindo Galv\u00e3o","raw_affiliation_strings":["AKCIT, UFG,Goiânia,Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AKCIT, UFG,Goiânia,Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109276"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":13,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.40612605,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"359","last_page":"364"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10106","display_name":"Autism Spectrum Disorder Research","score":0.2079000025987625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10106","display_name":"Autism Spectrum Disorder Research","score":0.2079000025987625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.20550000667572021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10709","display_name":"Social Robot Interaction and HRI","score":0.12359999865293503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-reality","display_name":"Virtual reality","score":0.6521000266075134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensory-system","display_name":"Sensory system","score":0.4717999994754791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perception","display_name":"Perception","score":0.34439998865127563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heart-rate","display_name":"Heart rate","score":0.3402000069618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visualization","display_name":"Visualization","score":0.28049999475479126}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194969405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170519","display_name":"Virtual reality","level":2,"score":0.6521000266075134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5978000164031982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94487597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11101","display_name":"Sensory system","level":2,"score":0.4717999994754791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.4034000039100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3977000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3662000000476837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.34439998865127563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777953023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1073121","display_name":"Heart rate","level":3,"score":0.3402000069618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.29510000348091125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.29109999537467957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.28049999475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.2671000063419342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780791683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785","display_name":"Action (physics)","level":2,"score":0.26100000739097595}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/aixvr67263.2026.00062","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/aixvr67263.2026.00062","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2026 IEEE International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and eXtended and Virtual Reality (AIxVR)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6800455736","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"057/2023","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321992","funder_display_name":"Minist\u00e9rio da Ci\u00eancia, Tecnologia e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310161","display_name":"University of Central Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/036nfer12"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321992","display_name":"Minist\u00e9rio da Ci\u00eancia, Tecnologia e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o","ror":"https://ror.org/050zdnc69"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W3018309855","https://openalex.org/W4280547228","https://openalex.org/W4310873160","https://openalex.org/W4311046878","https://openalex.org/W4383872587","https://openalex.org/W4388091243","https://openalex.org/W4392210634","https://openalex.org/W4392807449","https://openalex.org/W4400040085","https://openalex.org/W4404916551","https://openalex.org/W4404982989","https://openalex.org/W4405643322","https://openalex.org/W4408925001"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Autistic":[0],"individuals":[1],"often":[2],"experience":[3],"sensory":[4,49,144],"hypersensitivity,":[5],"making":[6],"immersive":[7,185],"virtual":[8,21],"environments":[9,186],"potentially":[10],"overwhelming":[11],"without":[12],"adaptive":[13,20,174],"regulation.":[14],"This":[15],"work":[16],"presents":[17],"a":[18,101,177],"novel":[19],"reality":[22],"(AVR)":[23],"framework":[24],"that":[25,169],"dynamically":[26],"adjusts":[27],"environmental":[28],"stimuli":[29],"based":[30],"on":[31],"real-time":[32],"physiological":[33,133,162],"indicators,":[34],"supported":[35],"by":[36],"lightweight":[37],"large":[38],"language":[39],"models":[40],"(LLMs).":[41],"The":[42],"system":[43],"combines":[44],"(1)":[45],"heart":[46,79],"rate":[47,80],"driven":[48],"modulation,":[50],"(2)":[51],"an":[52,66],"Unreal":[53],"Engine":[54],"therapeutic":[55,152],"scenario":[56],"with":[57,131,160,172],"fully":[58],"parameterized":[59],"lighting":[60],"and":[61,64,75,94,120,149,158,183],"sound":[62],"controls,":[63],"(3)":[65],"AI-driven":[67],"conversational":[68],"agent":[69],"capable":[70],"of":[71],"delivering":[72],"calming":[73,95],"guidance":[74],"interactive":[76],"support.":[77],"A":[78,113],"classification":[81],"pipeline,":[82],"implemented":[83],"using":[84],"gpt-4.1-nano-2025-04-14,":[85],"transitions":[86],"the":[87,136],"environment":[88],"between":[89],"overstimulating":[90],"(red,":[91],"loud":[92],"soundscape)":[93],"(blue,":[96],"reduced":[97],"volume)":[98],"profiles,":[99],"while":[100],"unified":[102],"LLM":[103,118],"prompt":[104],"generates":[105],"brief":[106],"single-paragraph":[107],"relaxation":[108],"cues":[109],"during":[110],"heightened":[111],"arousal.":[112],"second":[114],"pipeline":[115],"integrates":[116],"speech-to-text,":[117],"reasoning,":[119],"text-to-speech":[121],"to":[122,139],"enable":[123],"continuous":[124],"natural":[125],"interaction":[126],"inside":[127],"VR.":[128],"Early":[129],"testing":[130],"simulated":[132],"data":[134],"demonstrates":[135],"system's":[137],"ability":[138],"detect":[140],"stress":[141],"patterns,":[142],"adjust":[143],"variables":[145],"in":[146],"real":[147,161],"time,":[148],"produce":[150],"coherent":[151],"responses.":[153],"Although":[154],"full":[155],"user":[156],"validation":[157],"integration":[159],"sensors":[163],"remain":[164],"ongoing,":[165],"these":[166],"results":[167],"indicate":[168],"coupling":[170],"VR":[171],"LLM-driven":[173],"control":[175],"offers":[176],"promising":[178],"foundation":[179],"for":[180,187],"accessible,":[181],"personalized,":[182],"regulation-supportive":[184],"autistic":[188],"users.":[189]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2026-03-27T00:00:00"}