{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4285347407","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/aipr52630.2021.9762206","title":"Evaluating Visuospatial Features for Tracking Hazards in Overhead UAS Imagery","display_name":"Evaluating Visuospatial Features for Tracking Hazards in Overhead UAS Imagery","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4285347407","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/aipr52630.2021.9762206"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/aipr52630.2021.9762206","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/aipr52630.2021.9762206","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE Applied Imagery Pattern Recognition Workshop (AIPR)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060479557","display_name":"Trevor M. Bajkowski","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76835614","display_name":"University of Missouri","ror":"https://ror.org/02ymw8z06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Trevor M. Bajkowski","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Missouri-Columbia,Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department,MO,Columbia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Missouri-Columbia,Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department,MO,Columbia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009311723","display_name":"J. Alex Hurt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7234-1301"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76835614","display_name":"University of Missouri","ror":"https://ror.org/02ymw8z06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Alex Hurt","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Missouri-Columbia,Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department,MO,Columbia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Missouri-Columbia,Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department,MO,Columbia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090485766","display_name":"Jeffrey Dale","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9590-3090"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76835614","display_name":"University of Missouri","ror":"https://ror.org/02ymw8z06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeffrey Dale","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Missouri-Columbia,Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department,MO,Columbia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Missouri-Columbia,Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department,MO,Columbia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019315664","display_name":"David Huangal","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76835614","display_name":"University of Missouri","ror":"https://ror.org/02ymw8z06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Huangal","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Missouri-Columbia,Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department,MO,Columbia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Missouri-Columbia,Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department,MO,Columbia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018303984","display_name":"James M. Keller","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0306-7142"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76835614","display_name":"University of Missouri","ror":"https://ror.org/02ymw8z06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James M. Keller","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Missouri-Columbia,Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department,MO,Columbia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Missouri-Columbia,Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department,MO,Columbia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051712346","display_name":"Grant J. Scott","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5870-9387"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76835614","display_name":"University of Missouri","ror":"https://ror.org/02ymw8z06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Grant J. Scott","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Missouri-Columbia,Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department,MO,Columbia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Missouri-Columbia,Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department,MO,Columbia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064304515","display_name":"Stanton R. Price","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2278-1015"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088792","display_name":"United States Army","ror":"https://ror.org/00afsp483","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1304082316","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I4210088792"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87303767","display_name":"U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center","ror":"https://ror.org/027mhn368","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1304082316","https://openalex.org/I1306490931","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I87303767"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stanton R. Price","raw_affiliation_strings":["U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center,Vicksburg,MS","U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center,Vicksburg,MS","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87303767","https://openalex.org/I4210088792"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87303767","https://openalex.org/I4210088792"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2911,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.5843938,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"28","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.7824372053146362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.761107325553894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7558392286300659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.6024081707000732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/video-tracking","display_name":"Video tracking","score":0.5540682673454285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.5318161249160767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.49088746309280396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minimum-bounding-box","display_name":"Minimum bounding box","score":0.4640952944755554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frame","display_name":"Frame (networking)","score":0.434699147939682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.4134741425514221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.31176769733428955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.23566552996635437}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.7824372053146362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.761107325553894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7558392286300659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.6024081707000732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202474056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1931635","display_name":"Video tracking","level":3,"score":0.5540682673454285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.5318161249160767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.49088746309280396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147037132","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6865426","display_name":"Minimum bounding box","level":3,"score":0.4640952944755554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126042441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324888","display_name":"Frame (networking)","level":2,"score":0.434699147939682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.4134741425514221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.31176769733428955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.23566552996635437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/aipr52630.2021.9762206","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/aipr52630.2021.9762206","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE Applied Imagery Pattern Recognition Workshop (AIPR)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1673310716","https://openalex.org/W2030644393","https://openalex.org/W2117228865","https://openalex.org/W2124211486","https://openalex.org/W2125101937","https://openalex.org/W2132103241","https://openalex.org/W2139280638","https://openalex.org/W2151103935","https://openalex.org/W2159128898","https://openalex.org/W2164500538","https://openalex.org/W2953106684","https://openalex.org/W3018500314","https://openalex.org/W3153161717","https://openalex.org/W3160605357","https://openalex.org/W3163612789","https://openalex.org/W3163664045","https://openalex.org/W6620707391","https://openalex.org/W6637131181","https://openalex.org/W6678512814"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4327500857","https://openalex.org/W4311223090","https://openalex.org/W1689909837","https://openalex.org/W2965994363","https://openalex.org/W4205729548","https://openalex.org/W1895541646","https://openalex.org/W4301521271","https://openalex.org/W2889698616","https://openalex.org/W2940082708","https://openalex.org/W2953362004"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Tracking":[0],"multiple":[1,213],"objects":[2,31,59,154],"as":[3],"they":[4],"enter":[5],"and":[6,25,54,63,129,224],"exit":[7],"the":[8,71,80,117,167,173,225],"field":[9],"of":[10,32,111,153,169,175,185],"view":[11],"for":[12,57,92,172,190],"a":[13,36,47,61,67,90,109,150,160,183,203],"given":[14],"image":[15,73,118],"sequence":[16],"has":[17],"many":[18],"applications":[19],"in":[20,60,135,149,206,216,220],"security,":[21],"surveillance,":[22],"traffic":[23],"control,":[24],"additional":[26],"important":[27],"fields.":[28],"To":[29,165],"track":[30],"interest":[33],"through":[34,145],"videos":[35],"computer":[37],"vision":[38],"system":[39,205],"needs":[40],"two":[41],"main":[42],"components:":[43],"an":[44,64,101,122],"object":[45,65,83,93,102,123,163,176,192],"detector,":[46],"model":[48,68],"which":[49,69,191,207],"can":[50],"generate":[51],"class":[52],"predictions":[53],"bounding":[55],"boxes":[56],"potential":[58],"frame,":[62,108],"tracker,":[66],"partitions":[70,141],"nominated":[72,120],"regions":[74,223],"(object":[75],"detections)":[76],"into":[77],"groups":[78],"containing":[79],"same":[81],"real-world":[82,162],"instances.":[84],"In":[85],"this":[86],"work":[87,197],"we":[88,178],"explore":[89],"method":[91],"tracking":[94],"involving":[95],"clustering":[96],"visuospatial":[97],"features":[98,112,132,171],"derived":[99],"from":[100,212],"detection":[103,124],"model's":[104],"outputs.":[105],"For":[106],"each":[107,136,156],"variety":[110],"are":[113,133,142],"calculated":[114],"based":[115],"on":[116,182],"patches":[119],"by":[121],"model.":[125],"Periodically,":[126],"these":[127,170],"detections":[128],"their":[130],"associated":[131],"clustered":[134],"feature":[137],"space.":[138],"These":[139],"feature-based":[140],"then":[143],"fused":[144],"evidence":[146],"accumulation,":[147],"resulting":[148],"single":[151,161],"partition":[152],"where":[155],"group":[157],"corresponds":[158],"to":[159,200,202,218],"instance.":[164],"evaluate":[166],"aptitude":[168],"sake":[174],"tracking,":[177],"test":[179],"our":[180],"approach":[181],"set":[184],"low-altitude":[186],"overhead":[187],"UAS":[188],"imagery":[189],"labels":[193],"already":[194],"exist.":[195],"This":[196],"is":[198,210],"meant":[199],"contribute":[201],"larger":[204],"visual":[208],"information":[209],"extracted":[211],"airborne":[214],"sensors":[215],"order":[217],"aid":[219],"mapping":[221],"novel":[222],"navigational":[226],"hazards":[227],"within.":[228]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}