{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4285101211","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/aiiot54504.2022.9817165","title":"Low-Cost Ensembling for Deep Neural Network based Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring","display_name":"Low-Cost Ensembling for Deep Neural Network based Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-06-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4285101211","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/aiiot54504.2022.9817165"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/aiiot54504.2022.9817165","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/aiiot54504.2022.9817165","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363606627","display_name":"2022 IEEE World AI IoT Congress (AIIoT)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE World AI IoT Congress (AIIoT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070344631","display_name":"B. Gowrienanthan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I195740183","display_name":"University of Moratuwa","ror":"https://ror.org/0491f5305","country_code":"LK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I195740183"]}],"countries":["LK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B. Gowrienanthan","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Moratuwa,Department of Electrical Engineering,Moratuwa,Sri Lanka,10400"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Moratuwa,Department of Electrical Engineering,Moratuwa,Sri Lanka,10400","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I195740183"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085900023","display_name":"N. Kiruthihan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I195740183","display_name":"University of Moratuwa","ror":"https://ror.org/0491f5305","country_code":"LK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I195740183"]}],"countries":["LK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N. Kiruthihan","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Moratuwa,Department of Electrical Engineering,Moratuwa,Sri Lanka,10400"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Moratuwa,Department of Electrical Engineering,Moratuwa,Sri Lanka,10400","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I195740183"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112845523","display_name":"K. D. I. S. Rathnayake","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I195740183","display_name":"University of Moratuwa","ror":"https://ror.org/0491f5305","country_code":"LK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I195740183"]}],"countries":["LK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. D. I. S. Rathnayake","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Moratuwa,Department of Electrical Engineering,Moratuwa,Sri Lanka,10400"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Moratuwa,Department of Electrical Engineering,Moratuwa,Sri Lanka,10400","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I195740183"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084154943","display_name":"Sisil Kumarawadu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I195740183","display_name":"University of Moratuwa","ror":"https://ror.org/0491f5305","country_code":"LK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I195740183"]}],"countries":["LK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Kumarawadu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Moratuwa,Department of Electrical Engineering,Moratuwa,Sri Lanka,10400"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Moratuwa,Department of Electrical Engineering,Moratuwa,Sri Lanka,10400","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I195740183"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"V. Logeeshan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I195740183","display_name":"University of Moratuwa","ror":"https://ror.org/0491f5305","country_code":"LK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I195740183"]}],"countries":["LK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"V. Logeeshan","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Moratuwa,Department of Electrical Engineering,Moratuwa,Sri Lanka,10400"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Moratuwa,Department of Electrical Engineering,Moratuwa,Sri Lanka,10400","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I195740183"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I195740183"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.9135,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85613554,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"551","last_page":"556"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10121","display_name":"Building Energy and Comfort Optimization","score":0.989300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11052","display_name":"Energy Load and Power Forecasting","score":0.9858999848365784,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7956823110580444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-meter","display_name":"Smart meter","score":0.7214456796646118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5851534605026245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aggregate","display_name":"Aggregate (composite)","score":0.5776312351226807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.543860912322998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5298820734024048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.5142678618431091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.4380859434604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/load-management","display_name":"Load management","score":0.4318719804286957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.4281511902809143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relation","display_name":"Relation (database)","score":0.42079809308052063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.41135910153388977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.37082862854003906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-grid","display_name":"Smart grid","score":0.3396085798740387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.14382055401802063}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7956823110580444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779510800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1630602","display_name":"Smart meter","level":3,"score":0.7214456796646118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5851534605026245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4679612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q866298","display_name":"Aggregate (composite)","level":2,"score":0.5776312351226807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.543860912322998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5298820734024048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.5142678618431091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.4380859434604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779370713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q357554","display_name":"Load management","level":2,"score":0.4318719804286957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4281511902809143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25343380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q277521","display_name":"Relation (database)","level":2,"score":0.42079809308052063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.41135910153388977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.37082862854003906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10558101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q689855","display_name":"Smart grid","level":2,"score":0.3396085798740387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.14382055401802063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/aiiot54504.2022.9817165","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/aiiot54504.2022.9817165","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363606627","display_name":"2022 IEEE World AI IoT Congress (AIIoT)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE World AI IoT Congress (AIIoT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.9100000262260437}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1479651931","https://openalex.org/W1537520681","https://openalex.org/W1996944908","https://openalex.org/W2101743194","https://openalex.org/W2123910460","https://openalex.org/W2566212894","https://openalex.org/W2897481878","https://openalex.org/W2945815269","https://openalex.org/W2963808366","https://openalex.org/W2964891011","https://openalex.org/W3000248665","https://openalex.org/W3099873379","https://openalex.org/W3102977103","https://openalex.org/W3149839747","https://openalex.org/W3186852856","https://openalex.org/W4205726048","https://openalex.org/W6731843568","https://openalex.org/W6756780280","https://openalex.org/W6766205741","https://openalex.org/W6793364036"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3018909029","https://openalex.org/W3205631650","https://openalex.org/W2775355700","https://openalex.org/W2246071452","https://openalex.org/W2165970106","https://openalex.org/W1985785385","https://openalex.org/W1124398682","https://openalex.org/W4316660856","https://openalex.org/W2387071565","https://openalex.org/W3090249087"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Non-Intrusive":[0],"Load":[1],"Monitoring":[2],"(NILM)":[3],"is":[4,27,121],"the":[5,9,17,29,83,92,101,105,112,125,129,139],"process":[6],"of":[7,12,36,85,94,104,114,131],"monitoring":[8,45],"power":[10,19],"consumption":[11,20],"individual":[13],"appliances":[14],"by":[15],"disaggregating":[16],"aggregate":[18],"data":[21],"from":[22],"a":[23,72,143],"single":[24],"sensor,":[25],"which":[26,54,88],"usually":[28],"main":[30],"meter.":[31],"The":[32,118,135],"increase":[33],"in":[34,109,146],"adoption":[35],"smart":[37],"meters":[38],"facilitates":[39],"large":[40],"scale":[41],"NILM.":[42],"Appliance-level":[43],"load":[44,86,147],"could":[46,55],"provide":[47],"utilities":[48],"and":[49,127],"users":[50],"with":[51],"useful":[52],"information":[53],"lead":[56],"to":[57,111],"significant":[58],"energy":[59],"savings":[60],"as":[61,63],"well":[62],"better":[64],"demand-side":[65],"management.":[66],"In":[67],"this":[68],"paper,":[69],"we":[70,99],"propose":[71],"low-cost":[73],"method":[74],"for":[75,82,123],"ensembling":[76,133],"deep":[77],"neural":[78],"network":[79],"models":[80,126],"trained":[81],"task":[84],"disaggregation,":[87],"does":[89],"not":[90],"require":[91],"training":[93,124],"multiple":[95],"different":[96],"models.":[97,117],"Additionally,":[98],"analyze":[100],"output":[102],"characteristics":[103],"resultant":[106],"ensembled":[107],"model":[108],"relation":[110],"outputs":[113],"its":[115],"component":[116],"UK-DALE":[119],"dataset":[120],"used":[122],"evaluating":[128],"effectiveness":[130],"our":[132],"technique.":[134],"results":[136],"show":[137],"that":[138],"proposed":[140],"technique":[141],"provides":[142],"considerable":[144],"improvement":[145],"disaggregation":[148],"performance.":[149]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
