{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3176353641","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/aiiot52608.2021.9454224","title":"A Protecting Mechanism Against Double Spending Attack in Blockchain Systems","display_name":"A Protecting Mechanism Against Double Spending Attack in Blockchain Systems","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-05-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3176353641","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/aiiot52608.2021.9454224","mag":"3176353641"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/aiiot52608.2021.9454224","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/aiiot52608.2021.9454224","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE World AI IoT Congress (AIIoT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073957077","display_name":"Zexi Xing","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122266389","display_name":"University of Nebraska at Omaha","ror":"https://ror.org/04yrkc140","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122266389"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zexi Xing","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of IS&T, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of IS&T, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122266389"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030228433","display_name":"Zhengxin Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0635-9319"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122266389","display_name":"University of Nebraska at Omaha","ror":"https://ror.org/04yrkc140","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122266389"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhengxin Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of IS&T, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of IS&T, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122266389"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122266389"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"0391","last_page":"0396"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9835000038146973,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9804999828338623,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.8604999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.7863777875900269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.781541109085083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptocurrency","display_name":"Cryptocurrency","score":0.7396237850189209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hacker","display_name":"Hacker","score":0.7146060466766357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hash-function","display_name":"Hash function","score":0.6434850692749023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","score":0.6229099035263062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.4319473206996918}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.8604999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.7863777875900269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.781541109085083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180706569","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13479982","display_name":"Cryptocurrency","level":2,"score":0.7396237850189209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86844869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2798820","display_name":"Hacker","level":2,"score":0.7146060466766357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99138194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183427","display_name":"Hash function","level":2,"score":0.6434850692749023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.6229099035263062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.4319473206996918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/aiiot52608.2021.9454224","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/aiiot52608.2021.9454224","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE World AI IoT Congress (AIIoT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4699999988079071,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1637818300","https://openalex.org/W2151077503","https://openalex.org/W2606921625","https://openalex.org/W2620636316","https://openalex.org/W2765365654","https://openalex.org/W2770366677","https://openalex.org/W2794479655","https://openalex.org/W2904338335","https://openalex.org/W3000833961","https://openalex.org/W3005498535","https://openalex.org/W4248175462"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4210406818","https://openalex.org/W4306779889","https://openalex.org/W4386732777","https://openalex.org/W3211706803","https://openalex.org/W4382775358","https://openalex.org/W4246942721","https://openalex.org/W3209862047","https://openalex.org/W4304136894","https://openalex.org/W2989851257","https://openalex.org/W4303984095"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1,84],"research":[2],"we":[3],"focus":[4],"on":[5],"how":[6,91,100],"to":[7,24,64,82,85,92],"prevent":[8,83,105],"Double":[9],"Spending":[10],"Attack":[11],"(also":[12],"called":[13],"51":[14],"%":[15],"hash":[16],"rate":[17],"attack),":[18],"a":[19,61],"particular":[20],"security":[21,129],"issue":[22],"related":[23],"blockchain":[25,74,97],"technology":[26],"in":[27,72],"the":[28,34,47,73,101,108,124],"current":[29],"cryptocurrency":[30],"world.":[31],"We":[32,77,112],"describe":[33],"main":[35],"idea":[36,116],"of":[37,117,126],"our":[38],"proposed":[39],"Block":[40],"Access":[41],"Restriction":[42],"(BAR)":[43],"mechanism,":[44],"which":[45],"controls":[46],"actual":[48],"block":[49],"requests":[50],"and":[51,69,99,121],"detects":[52],"malicious":[53],"behaviors":[54],"while":[55,107],"transactions":[56],"have":[57],"been":[58],"recorded":[59],"into":[60,96],"specific":[62],"block,":[63],"protect":[65],"general":[66,115],"miner's":[67],"privileges":[68],"provide":[70],"fairness":[71],"network":[75],"environment.":[76],"propose":[78],"an":[79],"effective":[80],"way":[81],"happen":[86],"(with":[87],"detailed":[88],"steps),":[89],"discuss":[90],"deploy":[93],"BAR":[94,102,119],"switch":[95,103],"networks":[98],"can":[104],"DSA":[106],"hacker":[109],"bypasses":[110],"it.":[111],"also":[113],"present":[114],"implementing":[118],"switch,":[120],"point":[122],"out":[123],"importance":[125],"dealing":[127],"with":[128],"threat":[130],"at":[131],"post-quantum":[132],"computing":[133],"era.":[134]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}