{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414494323","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/aicas64808.2025.11173112","title":"EnhancePPG: Improving PPG-based Heart Rate Estimation with Self-Supervision and Augmentation","display_name":"EnhancePPG: Improving PPG-based Heart Rate Estimation with Self-Supervision and Augmentation","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-04-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414494323","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/aicas64808.2025.11173112"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/aicas64808.2025.11173112","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/aicas64808.2025.11173112","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE 7th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence Circuits and Systems (AICAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5095094620","display_name":"Luca Benfenati","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177477856","display_name":"Polytechnic University of Turin","ror":"https://ror.org/00bgk9508","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Luca Benfenati","raw_affiliation_strings":["DAUIN,Politecnico di Torino,Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DAUIN,Politecnico di Torino,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063262160","display_name":"Silvia Belloni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5187-2410"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177477856","display_name":"Polytechnic University of Turin","ror":"https://ror.org/00bgk9508","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sofia Belloni","raw_affiliation_strings":["DAUIN,Politecnico di Torino,Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DAUIN,Politecnico di Torino,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032095821","display_name":"Alessio Burrello","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6215-8220"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177477856","display_name":"Polytechnic University of Turin","ror":"https://ror.org/00bgk9508","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alessio Burrello","raw_affiliation_strings":["DAUIN,Politecnico di Torino,Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DAUIN,Politecnico di Torino,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081780209","display_name":"Panagiotis Kasnesis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3607-8187"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094138","display_name":"University of West Attica","ror":"https://ror.org/00r2r5k05","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094138"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Panagiotis Kasnesis","raw_affiliation_strings":["DEEE, University of West Attica,Egaleo,Greece"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DEEE, University of West Attica,Egaleo,Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094138"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058682991","display_name":"Xiaying Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3467-5033"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaying Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["IIS, ETH Zurich,Zürich,Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IIS, ETH Zurich,Zürich,Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043408422","display_name":"Luca Benini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8068-3806"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luca Benini","raw_affiliation_strings":["IIS, ETH Zurich,Zürich,Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IIS, ETH Zurich,Zürich,Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024891882","display_name":"Massimo Poncino","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1369-9688"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177477856","display_name":"Polytechnic University of Turin","ror":"https://ror.org/00bgk9508","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Massimo Poncino","raw_affiliation_strings":["DAUIN,Politecnico di Torino,Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DAUIN,Politecnico di Torino,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108136013","display_name":"Enrico Macii","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177477856","display_name":"Polytechnic University of Turin","ror":"https://ror.org/00bgk9508","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Enrico Macii","raw_affiliation_strings":["DIST,Politecnico di Torino,Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DIST,Politecnico di Torino,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080843266","display_name":"Daniele Jahier Pagliari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2872-7071"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177477856","display_name":"Polytechnic University of Turin","ror":"https://ror.org/00bgk9508","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniele Jahier Pagliari","raw_affiliation_strings":["DAUIN,Politecnico di Torino,Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DAUIN,Politecnico di Torino,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5095094620"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7591,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76168943,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.9563999772071838,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.9563999772071838,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10745","display_name":"Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control","score":0.9247000217437744,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autoencoder","display_name":"Autoencoder","score":0.8557999730110168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photoplethysmogram","display_name":"Photoplethysmogram","score":0.736299991607666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5598999857902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.5447999835014343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.48649999499320984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.47620001435279846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wearable-technology","display_name":"Wearable technology","score":0.41920000314712524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unsupervised-learning","display_name":"Unsupervised learning","score":0.40529999136924744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wearable-computer","display_name":"Wearable computer","score":0.40380001068115234}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101738243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786435","display_name":"Autoencoder","level":3,"score":0.8557999730110168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116390426","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187885","display_name":"Photoplethysmogram","level":3,"score":0.736299991607666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6858000159263611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.656499981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5598999857902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.5447999835014343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4948999881744385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.48649999499320984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.47620001435279846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54290928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4845080","display_name":"Wearable technology","level":3,"score":0.41920000314712524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8038995","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1152135","display_name":"Unsupervised learning","level":2,"score":0.40529999136924744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150594956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334829","display_name":"Wearable computer","level":2,"score":0.40380001068115234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96250715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q965330","display_name":"Estimation","level":2,"score":0.39800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.3725000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3718999922275543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40969351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3516228","display_name":"Word error rate","level":2,"score":0.34389999508857727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136389625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q334384","display_name":"Supervised learning","level":3,"score":0.3240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777953023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1073121","display_name":"Heart rate","level":3,"score":0.31619998812675476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59404180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17013334","display_name":"Feature learning","level":2,"score":0.3156000077724457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51632099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3985153","display_name":"Training set","level":2,"score":0.31349998712539673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.3018999993801117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67186912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367664","display_name":"Data modeling","level":2,"score":0.2948000133037567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.26750001311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133462117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4929239","display_name":"Data collection","level":2,"score":0.2660999894142151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.26249998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.257999986410141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.2524000108242035}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/aicas64808.2025.11173112","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/aicas64808.2025.11173112","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE 7th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence Circuits and Systems (AICAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:cris.unibo.it:11585/1039972","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11585/1039972","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402579","display_name":"Archivio istituzionale della ricerca (Alma Mater Studiorum Universit\u00e0 di Bologna)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210117483","host_organization_name":"Istituto di Ematologia di Bologna","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117483"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W2130111393","https://openalex.org/W2509981252","https://openalex.org/W2894771803","https://openalex.org/W2899029178","https://openalex.org/W2943541732","https://openalex.org/W2962182608","https://openalex.org/W3038891989","https://openalex.org/W3082957684","https://openalex.org/W3127512923","https://openalex.org/W3203348450","https://openalex.org/W3206929260","https://openalex.org/W4214939358","https://openalex.org/W4309401031","https://openalex.org/W4361732777","https://openalex.org/W4385485105","https://openalex.org/W4397028095","https://openalex.org/W4405491611"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Heart":[0],"rate":[1],"(HR)":[2],"estimation":[3,122],"from":[4,126],"photoplethysmography":[5],"(PPG)":[6],"signals":[7],"is":[8],"a":[9,39,75],"key":[10],"feature":[11],"of":[12,33,87,90,146],"modern":[13],"wearable":[14],"devices":[15],"for":[16],"health":[17],"and":[18,110],"wellness":[19],"monitoring.":[20],"While":[21],"deep":[22,149],"learning":[23,48,150],"models":[24,44],"show":[25],"promise,":[26],"their":[27],"performance":[28],"relies":[29],"on":[30,135,143],"the":[31,61,94,114,119,133,144,147],"availability":[32],"large":[34,88],"datasets.":[35],"We":[36],"present":[37],"EnhancePPG,":[38],"method":[40],"that":[41],"enhances":[42],"state-of-the-art":[43,103,115],"by":[45,74,123],"integrating":[46],"self-supervised":[47,56],"with":[49,58,98],"data":[50,92,99],"augmentation":[51],"(DA).":[52],"Our":[53],"approach":[54,109,140],"combines":[55],"pre-training":[57,95],"DA,":[59],"allowing":[60],"model":[62],"to":[63,101,107,113,130],"learn":[64],"more":[65,70],"generalizable":[66],"features,":[67],"without":[68,152],"needing":[69],"labelled":[71],"data.":[72],"Inspired":[73],"U-Net-like":[76],"autoencoder":[77],"architecture,":[78],"we":[79,117],"utilize":[80],"unsupervised":[81],"PPG":[82],"signal":[83],"reconstruction,":[84],"taking":[85],"advantage":[86],"amounts":[89],"unlabeled":[91],"during":[93],"phase":[96],"combined":[97],"augmentation,":[100],"improve":[102,118],"models\u2019":[104],"performance.":[105],"Thanks":[106],"our":[108,138],"minimal":[111],"modification":[112],"model,":[116,151],"best":[120],"HR":[121],"12.2%,":[124],"lowering":[125],"4.03":[127],"Beats-Per-Minute":[128],"(BPM)":[129],"3.54":[131],"BPM":[132],"error":[134],"PPG-DaLiA.":[136],"Importantly,":[137],"EnhancePPG":[139],"focuses":[141],"exclusively":[142],"training":[145],"selected":[148],"significantly":[153],"increasing":[154],"its":[155],"inference":[156],"latency.":[157]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-07T16:01:11.037858","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}