{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4383501691","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/aicas57966.2023.10168641","title":"A Novel Transpose 2T-DRAM based Computing-in-Memory Architecture for On-chip DNN Training and Inference","display_name":"A Novel Transpose 2T-DRAM based Computing-in-Memory Architecture for On-chip DNN Training and Inference","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-06-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4383501691","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/aicas57966.2023.10168641"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/aicas57966.2023.10168641","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/aicas57966.2023.10168641","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE 5th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence Circuits and Systems (AICAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100924624","display_name":"Yuansheng Zhao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yuansheng Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Huazhong University of Science and Technology,School of Optical and Electronic Information,Wuhan,China","School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology,School of Optical and Electronic Information,Wuhan,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071524817","display_name":"Zixuan Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1740-3215"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zixuan Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Huazhong University of Science and Technology,School of Optical and Electronic Information,Wuhan,China","School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology,School of Optical and Electronic Information,Wuhan,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020243224","display_name":"Jiarui Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3345-9470"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiarui Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Huazhong University of Science and Technology,School of Optical and Electronic Information,Wuhan,China","School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology,School of Optical and Electronic Information,Wuhan,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065841007","display_name":"Kevin Tshun Chuan Chai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6624-8912"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kevin C.T. Chai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Peking University, Beijing,School of Integrated Circuits,Beijing,China","School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peking University, Beijing,School of Integrated Circuits,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054018432","display_name":"Yanqing Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2578-5214"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090209","display_name":"Institute of Microelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/009rw8n36","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651","https://openalex.org/I4210090209","https://openalex.org/I91275662"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115228651","display_name":"Agency for Science, Technology and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/036wvzt09","country_code":"SG","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanqing Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Microelectronics,Agency for Science, Technology and Research,Singapore","Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Institute of Microelectronics, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Microelectronics,Agency for Science, Technology and Research,Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115228651","https://openalex.org/I4210090209"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Institute of Microelectronics, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115228651","https://openalex.org/I4210090209"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100407036","display_name":"Chao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7460-7628"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Huazhong University of Science and Technology,School of Optical and Electronic Information,Wuhan,China","School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology,School of Optical and Electronic Information,Wuhan,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100924624"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2049,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78660758,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12808","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dram","display_name":"Dram","score":0.8658151626586914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7531394958496094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transpose","display_name":"Transpose","score":0.7041025161743164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.5074743628501892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.4899517595767975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.47737500071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.46945708990097046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-random-access-memory","display_name":"Dynamic random-access memory","score":0.4690789580345154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.39170247316360474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.12366339564323425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semiconductor-memory","display_name":"Semiconductor memory","score":0.11123073101043701}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7366592","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1255620","display_name":"Dram","level":2,"score":0.8658151626586914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7531394958496094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200106649","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223683","display_name":"Transpose","level":3,"score":0.7041025161743164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.5074743628501892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.4899517595767975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.47737500071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.46945708990097046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118702147","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189396","display_name":"Dynamic random-access memory","level":3,"score":0.4690789580345154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.39170247316360474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.12366339564323425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98986596","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1143031","display_name":"Semiconductor memory","level":2,"score":0.11123073101043701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158693339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190524","display_name":"Eigenvalues and eigenvectors","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/aicas57966.2023.10168641","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/aicas57966.2023.10168641","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE 5th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence Circuits and Systems (AICAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2774669597","https://openalex.org/W2800944932","https://openalex.org/W3099871312","https://openalex.org/W3134703406","https://openalex.org/W3135701542","https://openalex.org/W3184879798","https://openalex.org/W3199227356"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2518930778","https://openalex.org/W2979599569","https://openalex.org/W3007039213","https://openalex.org/W3094611732","https://openalex.org/W2533585248","https://openalex.org/W2559795407","https://openalex.org/W2944414554","https://openalex.org/W3009022466","https://openalex.org/W2123644672","https://openalex.org/W2000563648"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recently,":[0],"DRAM-based":[1,159],"Computing-in-Memory":[2],"(CIM)":[3],"has":[4,145],"emerged":[5],"as":[6],"one":[7],"of":[8,18,93,122,168,181,191],"the":[9,70,88,94,102,119,157,195],"potential":[10],"CIM":[11,34,40,52,105,127,160,163,173,192],"solutions":[12],"due":[13],"to":[14,59,73,86,107,131,139],"its":[15],"unique":[16],"advantages":[17],"high":[19],"bit-cell":[20],"density,":[21],"large":[22],"memory":[23,63],"capacity":[24],"and":[25,42,65,90,97,112,144],"CMOS":[26],"compatibility.":[27],"This":[28],"paper":[29],"proposes":[30],"a":[31,135,177,188],"2T-DRAM":[32,55,104,125],"based":[33,56,126],"architecture,":[35],"which":[36,152],"can":[37,184],"perform":[38],"both":[39],"inference":[41],"training":[43],"for":[44],"deep":[45],"neural":[46],"networks":[47,183],"(DNNs)":[48],"efficiently.":[49],"The":[50],"proposed":[51,85,123,196],"architecture":[53,128],"employs":[54],"transpose":[57,61,103,124],"circuitry":[58],"implement":[60,74],"weight":[62,110],"array":[64,71,106,138,193],"uses":[66],"digital":[67,75,109],"logic":[68],"in":[69,78,171],"peripheral":[72],"DNN":[76],"computation":[77,92],"memory.":[79],"A":[80],"novel":[81],"mapping":[82,197],"method":[83],"is":[84,129],"map":[87],"convolutional":[89],"full-connection":[91],"forward":[95],"propagation":[96,99],"back":[98],"process":[100,180],"into":[101],"achieve":[108],"multiplexing":[111],"parallel":[113],"computing.":[114],"Simulation":[115],"results":[116],"show":[117],"that":[118,176],"computing":[120],"power":[121,205],"estimated":[130],"11.26":[132],"GOPS":[133],"by":[134,187],"16K":[136],"DRAM":[137,172],"accelerate":[140],"4CONV+3FC":[141],"@100":[142],"MHz":[143],"an":[146],"82.15%":[147],"accuracy":[148],"on":[149],"CIFAR-10":[150],"dataset,":[151],"are":[153],"much":[154],"higher":[155],"than":[156],"state-of-the-art":[158],"accelerators":[161],"without":[162],"learning":[164],"capability.":[165],"Preliminary":[166],"evaluation":[167],"retention":[169],"time":[170],"also":[174],"shows":[175],"refresh-less":[178],"training-inference":[179],"lightweight":[182],"be":[185],"realized":[186],"suitable":[189],"scale":[190],"through":[194],"strategy":[198],"with":[199],"negligible":[200],"refresh-induced":[201],"performance":[202],"loss":[203],"or":[204],"increase.":[206]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}