{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4294691308","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/aicas54282.2022.9869918","title":"Radar and Camera Fusion for Vacant Parking Space Detection","display_name":"Radar and Camera Fusion for Vacant Parking Space Detection","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-06-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4294691308","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/aicas54282.2022.9869918"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/aicas54282.2022.9869918","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/aicas54282.2022.9869918","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608281","display_name":"2022 IEEE 4th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence Circuits and Systems (AICAS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE 4th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence Circuits and Systems (AICAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040715208","display_name":"Bo-Xun Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4456-658X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bo-Xun Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Electronics, National Yang Ming Chiao Yung University,Department of Electronics Engineering,Hsinchu,Taiwan","Department of Electronics Engineering, Institute of Electronics, National Yang Ming Chiao Yung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Electronics, National Yang Ming Chiao Yung University,Department of Electronics Engineering,Hsinchu,Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics Engineering, Institute of Electronics, National Yang Ming Chiao Yung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112541165","display_name":"Jia-Jheng Lin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jia-Jheng Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Electronics, National Yang Ming Chiao Yung University,Department of Electronics Engineering,Hsinchu,Taiwan","Department of Electronics Engineering, Institute of Electronics, National Yang Ming Chiao Yung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Electronics, National Yang Ming Chiao Yung University,Department of Electronics Engineering,Hsinchu,Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics Engineering, Institute of Electronics, National Yang Ming Chiao Yung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108201154","display_name":"Hsien-Kai Kuo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148979","display_name":"MediaTek (Taiwan)","ror":"https://ror.org/05g9jck81","country_code":"TW","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148979"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hsien-Kai Kuo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mediatek Inc.,Hsinchu,Taiwan","Mediatek Inc., Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mediatek Inc.,Hsinchu,Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148979"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mediatek Inc., Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148979"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104155245","display_name":"Po-Yu Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8568-8988"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148979","display_name":"MediaTek (Taiwan)","ror":"https://ror.org/05g9jck81","country_code":"TW","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148979"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Po-Yu Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mediatek Inc.,Hsinchu,Taiwan","Mediatek Inc., Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mediatek Inc.,Hsinchu,Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148979"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mediatek Inc., Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148979"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022312926","display_name":"Jiun-In Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0402-2621"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiun-In Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Electronics, National Yang Ming Chiao Yung University,Department of Electronics Engineering,Hsinchu,Taiwan","Department of Electronics Engineering, Institute of Electronics, National Yang Ming Chiao Yung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Electronics, National Yang Ming Chiao Yung University,Department of Electronics Engineering,Hsinchu,Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics Engineering, Institute of Electronics, National Yang Ming Chiao Yung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5040715208"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0113,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71644845,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"242","last_page":"245"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12546","display_name":"Smart Parking Systems Research","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12546","display_name":"Smart Parking Systems Research","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.7214598655700684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5829868316650391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.5190966129302979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.4780024588108063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secondary-surveillance-radar","display_name":"Secondary surveillance radar","score":0.46752429008483887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4543423652648926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.425519198179245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensor-fusion","display_name":"Sensor fusion","score":0.4105379581451416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.395754337310791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.3495190739631653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.26158928871154785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.221718430519104}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.7214598655700684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5829868316650391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.5190966129302979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.4780024588108063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114445506","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1196868","display_name":"Secondary surveillance radar","level":3,"score":0.46752429008483887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4543423652648926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.425519198179245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33954974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486494","display_name":"Sensor fusion","level":2,"score":0.4105379581451416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.395754337310791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.3495190739631653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.26158928871154785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.221718430519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/aicas54282.2022.9869918","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/aicas54282.2022.9869918","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608281","display_name":"2022 IEEE 4th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence Circuits and Systems (AICAS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE 4th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence Circuits and Systems (AICAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.75,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1577784296","https://openalex.org/W1861492603","https://openalex.org/W1983047562","https://openalex.org/W2126385638","https://openalex.org/W2158579290","https://openalex.org/W2993182889","https://openalex.org/W4254976061","https://openalex.org/W6639102338"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2355663289","https://openalex.org/W2106913410","https://openalex.org/W4380372336","https://openalex.org/W2354248671","https://openalex.org/W2378400729","https://openalex.org/W2767960750","https://openalex.org/W4230946869","https://openalex.org/W4230053657","https://openalex.org/W329189033","https://openalex.org/W174981979"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"proposed":[2,122,150,206],"a":[3,64,72,141],"parking":[4,28,103,108,115,136,159,173],"space":[5,104,109,160,174,186],"detection":[6],"system":[7,94,207],"using":[8],"the":[9,20,25,37,41,78,85,92,118,121,135,149,152,157,163,171,177,185,200,205,209],"fusion":[10],"of":[11,27,40,75,80,87,114],"both":[12],"radar":[13,62,81,98,155],"and":[14,55,97,105,138,154,196,215,223],"camera.":[15],"Such":[16,60],"fused":[17,167],"approach":[18,123],"addresses":[19],"challenging":[21],"issue":[22],"in":[23,71,140,211],"which":[24],"border":[26,112],"slots":[29],"is":[30,91],"missing":[31],"and/or":[32],"not":[33],"well":[34],"drawn.":[35],"Considering":[36],"adoption":[38],"cost":[39,66],"system,":[42,151],"we":[43],"incorporate":[44],"Mediatek's":[45],"Autus":[46],"R10":[47],"(MT2706)":[48],"Ultra-Short":[49],"Range":[50],"Radar":[51],"with":[52,193],"single":[53],"transmitter":[54],"receiver":[56],"(1T1R)":[57,99],"antenna":[58],"configuration.":[59],"1T1R":[61],"has":[63],"lower":[65],"than":[67,191],"mTmR":[68],"counterparts":[69],"used":[70],"vast":[73],"majority":[74],"papers":[76],"on":[77,134],"subject":[79],"signal":[82],"processing.":[83],"To":[84],"best":[86],"our":[88],"knowledge,":[89],"this":[90],"first":[93],"fusing":[95],"camera":[96,153],"to":[100,169],"detect":[101,156],"vacant":[102,158],"estimate":[106],"precise":[107],"coordinate":[110,175],"without":[111],"lines":[113],"slots.":[116],"At":[117],"same":[119],"time,":[120],"can":[124],"also":[125],"tackle":[126],"extreme":[127,201],"use-cases":[128,210],"e.g.,":[129],"(1)":[130],"non-car":[131],"object":[132],"occupation":[133],"slot":[137],"(2)":[139],"dim":[142],"light":[143,195,213],"night":[144],"or":[145],"rainy":[146,221],"day.":[147],"In":[148,203],"separately,":[161],"then":[162],"corresponding":[164],"results":[165],"are":[166],"together":[168],"get":[170],"final":[172],"for":[176,199],"auto-parking":[178],"system.":[179],"The":[180],"experimental":[181],"evaluations":[182],"showed":[183],"that":[184],"prediction":[187],"error":[188],"was":[189],"less":[190],"1%":[192],"sufficient":[194],"around":[197],"8%":[198],"situation.":[202],"summary,":[204],"handles":[208],"different":[212],"conditions":[214],"weather,":[216],"such":[217],"as":[218],"sunny":[219],"days,":[220,222],"night.":[224]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
