{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4294691399","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/aicas54282.2022.9869915","title":"BiMDiM: Area efficient Bi-directional MRAM Digital in-Memory Computing","display_name":"BiMDiM: Area efficient Bi-directional MRAM Digital in-Memory Computing","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-06-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4294691399","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/aicas54282.2022.9869915"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/aicas54282.2022.9869915","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/aicas54282.2022.9869915","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608281","display_name":"2022 IEEE 4th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence Circuits and Systems (AICAS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE 4th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence Circuits and Systems (AICAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100743870","display_name":"Dong-Su Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5902-0581"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197347611","display_name":"Korea University","ror":"https://ror.org/047dqcg40","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dongsu Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University,Seoul,Korea","School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University,Seoul,Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049219501","display_name":"Yunho Jang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197347611","display_name":"Korea University","ror":"https://ror.org/047dqcg40","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunho Jang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University,Seoul,Korea","School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University,Seoul,Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100359397","display_name":"Tae\u2010Hwan Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8336-3170"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197347611","display_name":"Korea University","ror":"https://ror.org/047dqcg40","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Taehwan Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University,Seoul,Korea","School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University,Seoul,Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101839916","display_name":"Jongsun Park","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3251-0024"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197347611","display_name":"Korea University","ror":"https://ror.org/047dqcg40","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jongsun Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University,Seoul,Korea","School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University,Seoul,Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100743870"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.9313,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86373015,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"74","last_page":"77"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12808","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12611","display_name":"Neural Networks and Reservoir Computing","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetoresistive-random-access-memory","display_name":"Magnetoresistive random-access memory","score":0.8191502690315247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7612706422805786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.5796924829483032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.5674956440925598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.4978158473968506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.4457967281341553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.42855194211006165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.4221298098564148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.354148805141449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.19776079058647156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-access-memory","display_name":"Random access memory","score":0.1477338969707489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.13982391357421875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.11944332718849182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.08782753348350525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.07661819458007812}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46891859","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061546","display_name":"Magnetoresistive random-access memory","level":3,"score":0.8191502690315247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7612706422805786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.5796924829483032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.5674956440925598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.4978158473968506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.4457967281341553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.42855194211006165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.4221298098564148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.354148805141449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.19776079058647156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994168587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5295","display_name":"Random access memory","level":2,"score":0.1477338969707489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.13982391357421875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11944332718849182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.08782753348350525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.07661819458007812}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/aicas54282.2022.9869915","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/aicas54282.2022.9869915","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608281","display_name":"2022 IEEE 4th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence Circuits and Systems (AICAS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE 4th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence Circuits and Systems (AICAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8999999761581421,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W2593172471","https://openalex.org/W2884227506","https://openalex.org/W2949989598","https://openalex.org/W3112466228","https://openalex.org/W3144904247","https://openalex.org/W4243519499","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6734548531"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2790139797","https://openalex.org/W3146164987","https://openalex.org/W2086829516","https://openalex.org/W2141626281","https://openalex.org/W2472395098","https://openalex.org/W2128922810","https://openalex.org/W1641143370","https://openalex.org/W1908441109","https://openalex.org/W1579280934","https://openalex.org/W2047360450"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Spin":[0],"transfer":[1],"torque":[2],"MRAM":[3,25,65],"(STT-MRAM)":[4],"based":[5,26],"digital":[6,66],"in-memory":[7],"computing":[8],"(IMC)":[9],"has":[10,135],"been":[11,136],"recently":[12],"proposed":[13,132,149],"for":[14,47],"energy":[15,126],"efficient":[16,63],"processing":[17],"of":[18,38,73,102,129],"convolutional":[19],"neural":[20],"network":[21],"(CNN).":[22],"The":[23,131],"conventional":[24],"IMC":[27,67],"architecture":[28,134],"suffers":[29],"from":[30],"excessive":[31],"storage":[32],"area":[33,62,152],"since":[34],"a":[35],"large":[36],"number":[37,101],"intermediate":[39,78],"sum":[40],"and":[41,80,127],"carry":[42],"bits":[43],"should":[44],"be":[45,83],"stored":[46],"the":[48,71,77,89,100,116,125,145,148],"following":[49],"successive":[50],"additions":[51],"during":[52,93],"multiply-accumulate":[53],"(MAC)":[54],"operations.":[55,95],"In":[56,96],"this":[57],"paper,":[58],"we":[59],"propose":[60],"an":[61],"bi-directional":[64],"(BiMDiM)":[68],"scheme,":[69],"where":[70],"size":[72],"memory":[74,91],"cells":[75,92],"storing":[76],"sums":[79],"carries":[81],"can":[82,106],"efficiently":[84],"reduced":[85],"by":[86],"repetitively":[87],"using":[88,138],"same":[90,113],"MAC":[94],"addition,":[97],"to":[98,122,144,155],"reduce":[99],"inefficient":[103],"half-additions,":[104],"which":[105],"process":[107],"only":[108],"two":[109],"inputs":[110],"with":[111],"almost":[112],"hardware":[114],"cost,":[115],"addition":[117],"re-scheduling":[118],"is":[119],"also":[120],"presented":[121],"further":[123],"improve":[124],"latency":[128],"BiMDiM.":[130],"BiMDiM":[133,150],"simulated":[137],"28nm":[139],"CMOS":[140],"process.":[141],"When":[142],"compared":[143],"baseline":[146],"architecture,":[147],"improves":[151],"efficiency":[153],"up":[154],"53%.":[156]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
