{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3175981102","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/aicas51828.2021.9458572","title":"Integer Quadratic Integrate-and-Fire (IQIF): A Neuron Model for Digital Neuromorphic Systems","display_name":"Integer Quadratic Integrate-and-Fire (IQIF): A Neuron Model for Digital Neuromorphic Systems","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-06-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3175981102","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/aicas51828.2021.9458572","mag":"3175981102"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/aicas51828.2021.9458572","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/aicas51828.2021.9458572","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE 3rd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence Circuits and Systems (AICAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101990117","display_name":"Wen-Chieh Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6034-4778"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25846049","display_name":"National Tsing Hua University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zdnkx70","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wen-Chieh Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044743591","display_name":"Chen-Fu Yeh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6873-990X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25846049","display_name":"National Tsing Hua University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zdnkx70","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen-Fu Yeh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Systems Neuroscience, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Systems Neuroscience, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050493706","display_name":"Alexander James White","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3973-2666"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25846049","display_name":"National Tsing Hua University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zdnkx70","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexander James White","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Systems Neuroscience, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Systems Neuroscience, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046674599","display_name":"Cheng-Te Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25846049","display_name":"National Tsing Hua University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zdnkx70","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cheng-Te Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Systems Neuroscience, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Systems Neuroscience, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085813077","display_name":"Zuo-Wei Yeh","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25846049","display_name":"National Tsing Hua University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zdnkx70","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zuo-Wei Yeh","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052910427","display_name":"Chih-Cheng Hsieh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4070-5059"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25846049","display_name":"National Tsing Hua University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zdnkx70","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chih-Cheng Hsieh","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007060812","display_name":"Ren-Shuo Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5311-4955"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25846049","display_name":"National Tsing Hua University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zdnkx70","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ren-Shuo Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044259295","display_name":"Kea\u2010Tiong Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9689-1236"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25846049","display_name":"National Tsing Hua University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zdnkx70","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kea-Tiong Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030409860","display_name":"Chung\u2010Chuan Lo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7737-7250"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25846049","display_name":"National Tsing Hua University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zdnkx70","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chung-Chuan Lo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brain Research Center, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","Institute of Systems Neuroscience, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brain Research Center, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Systems Neuroscience, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101990117"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.06023509,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12611","display_name":"Neural Networks and Reservoir Computing","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuromorphic-engineering","display_name":"Neuromorphic engineering","score":0.8461074829101562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biological-neuron-model","display_name":"Biological neuron model","score":0.7020646333694458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6336706280708313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/integer","display_name":"Integer (computer science)","score":0.6300493478775024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spiking-neural-network","display_name":"Spiking neural network","score":0.6023030281066895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quadratic-equation","display_name":"Quadratic equation","score":0.5674137473106384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.5181444883346558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5150911211967468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attractor","display_name":"Attractor","score":0.48752090334892273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.369107186794281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2985385060310364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.16803768277168274}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151927369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1981312","display_name":"Neuromorphic engineering","level":3,"score":0.8461074829101562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186565885","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1651163","display_name":"Biological neuron model","level":3,"score":0.7020646333694458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6336706280708313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97137487","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q729138","display_name":"Integer (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.6300493478775024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11731999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9067355","display_name":"Spiking neural network","level":3,"score":0.6023030281066895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129844170","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41299","display_name":"Quadratic equation","level":2,"score":0.5674137473106384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.5181444883346558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5150911211967468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164380108","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q507187","display_name":"Attractor","level":2,"score":0.48752090334892273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.369107186794281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2985385060310364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.16803768277168274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/aicas51828.2021.9458572","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/aicas51828.2021.9458572","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE 3rd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence Circuits and Systems (AICAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.7699999809265137,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W345956458","https://openalex.org/W1926086117","https://openalex.org/W1971537255","https://openalex.org/W1978542391","https://openalex.org/W1985940938","https://openalex.org/W2022619663","https://openalex.org/W2045464688","https://openalex.org/W2057707608","https://openalex.org/W2093729118","https://openalex.org/W2123278801","https://openalex.org/W2130360162","https://openalex.org/W2132535023","https://openalex.org/W2138913040","https://openalex.org/W2141166794","https://openalex.org/W2157239334","https://openalex.org/W2158130856","https://openalex.org/W2160950253","https://openalex.org/W2164653071","https://openalex.org/W2169519447","https://openalex.org/W2187011629","https://openalex.org/W2508132638","https://openalex.org/W2783525259","https://openalex.org/W2898323475","https://openalex.org/W3158881566","https://openalex.org/W4238614602","https://openalex.org/W4285468854","https://openalex.org/W6795151160"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3089892344","https://openalex.org/W4386227293","https://openalex.org/W4313442939","https://openalex.org/W4372267706","https://openalex.org/W2885510266","https://openalex.org/W2960220682","https://openalex.org/W4288055417","https://openalex.org/W4287758233","https://openalex.org/W4205804651","https://openalex.org/W3023142506"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Simulation":[0],"of":[1,11,45,76,90,102,107,131,142,168,182],"a":[2,8,16,35,71,103,150],"spiking":[3,56,120,173],"neural":[4,27],"network":[5,153],"involves":[6],"solving":[7],"large":[9],"number":[10,130],"differential":[12],"equations.":[13],"This":[14],"is":[15,52,62,70,188,199],"challenge":[17],"even":[18],"for":[19],"modern":[20],"computer":[21],"systems,":[22],"especially":[23],"when":[24],"simulating":[25],"large-scale":[26],"networks.":[28],"To":[29],"address":[30],"this":[31],"challenge,":[32],"we":[33],"design":[34],"neuron":[36,57,121,174],"model:":[37],"the":[38,59,77,91,100,108,112,129,140,145,163,180,185],"Integer":[39],"Quadratic":[40],"Integrate-and-Fire":[41],"(IQIF)":[42],"neuron.":[43],"Instead":[44],"computing":[46],"on":[47,65,124],"floating":[48],"point":[49],"numbers,":[50],"as":[51],"typical":[53],"with":[54,94,144],"other":[55,119,172],"models,":[58],"IQIF":[60,68,84,117,143,164,186],"model":[61,69,85,93,148,187],"computed":[63],"purely":[64],"integers.":[66],"The":[67,83],"quantized":[72],"and":[73,111,128,198],"linearized":[74],"version":[75],"classic":[78],"quadratic":[79],"integrate-and-fire":[80,147],"(QIF)":[81],"model.":[82],"retains":[86],"all":[87],"dynamic":[88,105],"characteristics":[89],"QIF":[92],"much":[95],"lower":[96],"computation":[97,170],"complexity,":[98],"at":[99],"cost":[101],"limited":[104],"range":[106],"membrane":[109],"potential":[110],"synaptic":[113],"current.":[114],"We":[115,137],"compare":[116,139],"to":[118,193,202],"models":[122,175],"based":[123],"their":[125],"simulation":[126],"speeds":[127],"neuronal":[132],"behaviors":[133],"they":[134],"can":[135,176],"perform.":[136],"further":[138],"performance":[141],"leaky":[146],"in":[149,205],"classical":[151],"decision-making":[152],"that":[154,162,171],"exhibits":[155],"nonlinear":[156],"attractor":[157],"dynamics.":[158],"Our":[159],"results":[160],"show":[161],"neurons":[165],"are":[166],"capable":[167],"performing":[169],"do":[177],"while":[178],"having":[179],"advantages":[181],"speed.":[183],"Moreover,":[184],"digital":[189],"hardware":[190],"friendly":[191],"due":[192],"its":[194],"pure":[195],"integer":[196],"operation":[197],"therefore":[200],"easily":[201],"be":[203],"implemented":[204],"custom-built":[206],"neuromorphic":[207],"systems.":[208]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-25T13:04:00.132906","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}