{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3173401946","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/aicas51828.2021.9458520","title":"ECG-TCN: Wearable Cardiac Arrhythmia Detection with a Temporal Convolutional Network","display_name":"ECG-TCN: Wearable Cardiac Arrhythmia Detection with a Temporal Convolutional Network","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3173401946","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/aicas51828.2021.9458520","mag":"3173401946"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:cris.unibo.it:11585/870364","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11585/870364","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402579","display_name":"Archivio istituzionale della ricerca (Alma Mater Studiorum Universit\u00e0 di Bologna)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210117483","host_organization_name":"Istituto di Ematologia di Bologna","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117483"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035288047","display_name":"Thorir Mar Ingolfsson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5282-324X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ingolfsson T. M.","raw_affiliation_strings":["ETH Z\u00fcrich, D-ITET, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ETH Z\u00fcrich, D-ITET, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Hersche X. W. M.","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hersche X. W. M.","raw_affiliation_strings":["D-ITET, ETH Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"D-ITET, ETH Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Burrello A.","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Burrello A.","raw_affiliation_strings":["D-ITET, ETH Zurich, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"D-ITET, ETH Zurich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Cavigelli L.","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9360294","display_name":"University of Bologna","ror":"https://ror.org/01111rn36","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cavigelli L.","raw_affiliation_strings":["DEI, University of Bologna, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DEI, University of Bologna, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Benini L.","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Benini L.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Huawei Technologies, Zurich RC, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huawei Technologies, Zurich RC, Switzerland","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.7208,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":54,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97071231,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11021","display_name":"ECG Monitoring and Analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11021","display_name":"ECG Monitoring and Analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7511229515075684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wearable-computer","display_name":"Wearable computer","score":0.6757786273956299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arm-architecture","display_name":"ARM architecture","score":0.525421142578125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wearable-technology","display_name":"Wearable technology","score":0.507748007774353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.5068235993385315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.4769812226295471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.44876527786254883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.44331490993499756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.4205993711948395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.37597963213920593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.3723585605621338}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7511229515075684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150594956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334829","display_name":"Wearable computer","level":2,"score":0.6757786273956299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26771161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16980","display_name":"ARM architecture","level":2,"score":0.525421142578125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54290928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4845080","display_name":"Wearable technology","level":3,"score":0.507748007774353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.5068235993385315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.4769812226295471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.44876527786254883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.44331490993499756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.4205993711948395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.37597963213920593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3723585605621338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:cris.unibo.it:11585/870364","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11585/870364","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402579","display_name":"Archivio istituzionale della ricerca (Alma Mater Studiorum Universit\u00e0 di Bologna)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210117483","host_organization_name":"Istituto di Ematologia di Bologna","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117483"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8899999856948853,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1974283736","https://openalex.org/W2047098613","https://openalex.org/W2162800060","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2754051771","https://openalex.org/W2757196798","https://openalex.org/W2792764867","https://openalex.org/W2889339831","https://openalex.org/W2893814198","https://openalex.org/W2898238875","https://openalex.org/W2970796375","https://openalex.org/W3016151563","https://openalex.org/W3020308886","https://openalex.org/W3036586820","https://openalex.org/W3047418344","https://openalex.org/W3103028792","https://openalex.org/W3103292482","https://openalex.org/W3112695512","https://openalex.org/W3137875211"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3090300519","https://openalex.org/W2514492205","https://openalex.org/W4250401876","https://openalex.org/W2943851981","https://openalex.org/W2566526749","https://openalex.org/W3047461507","https://openalex.org/W3126390843","https://openalex.org/W4245880644","https://openalex.org/W4312415459","https://openalex.org/W2528680939"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Personalized":[0],"ubiquitous":[1],"healthcare":[2],"solutions":[3],"require":[4],"energy-efficient":[5,164],"wearable":[6,60],"platforms":[7],"that":[8,51,70,145],"provide":[9,29],"an":[10,86,169],"accurate":[11,96],"classification":[12,97],"of":[13,88],"bio-signals":[14],"while":[15,55,84,153,183],"consuming":[16,154,184],"low":[17],"average":[18],"power":[19],"for":[20,59],"long-term":[21],"battery-operated":[22],"use.":[23,62],"Single":[24],"lead":[25],"electrocardiogram":[26],"(ECG)":[27],"signals":[28],"the":[30,66,71,80,91,118,128,133,146,150,172],"ability":[31],"to":[32,193],"detect,":[33],"classify,":[34],"and":[35,104,127,165,188],"even":[36],"predict":[37],"cardiac":[38],"arrhythmia.":[39],"In":[40],"this":[41],"paper":[42],"we":[43,178],"propose":[44],"a":[45,74,194],"novel":[46],"temporal":[47],"convolutional":[48],"network":[49,83],"(TCN)":[50],"achieves":[52],"high":[53],"accuracy":[54,76,93,182],"still":[56],"being":[57,189],"feasible":[58],"platform":[61],"Experimental":[63],"results":[64],"on":[65,113,123,132,137,171],"ECG5000":[67],"dataset":[68],"show":[69,144],"TCN":[72],"has":[73],"similar":[75],"(94.2%)":[77],"score":[78],"as":[79],"state-of-the-art":[81],"(SoA)":[82],"achieving":[85],"improvement":[87],"16.5%":[89],"in":[90],"balanced":[92],"score.":[94],"This":[95],"is":[98,121,161],"done":[99],"with":[100],"27":[101],"fewer":[102],"parameters":[103],"37":[105],"less":[106,186],"multiply-accumulate":[107],"operations.":[108],"We":[109],"test":[110],"our":[111],"implementation":[112,148,170],"two":[114],"publicly":[115],"available":[116],"platforms,":[117],"STM32L475,":[119],"which":[120],"based":[122,136],"ARM":[124,173],"Cortex":[125,174],"M4F,":[126],"GreenWaves":[129],"Technologies":[130],"GAP8":[131,147],"GAPuino":[134],"board,":[135],"1":[138],"+8":[139],"RISC-V":[140],"CV32E40P":[141],"cores.":[142],"Measurements":[143],"respects":[149],"real-time":[151],"constraints":[152],"0.10mJ":[155],"per":[156],"inference.":[157],"With":[158],"9.91GMAC/s/W,":[159],"it":[160],"23.0":[162],"more":[163],"46.85":[166],"faster":[167,191],"than":[168],"M4F":[175],"(0.43GMAC/s/W).":[176],"Overall,":[177],"obtain":[179],"8.1%":[180],"higher":[181],"19.6":[185],"energy":[187],"35.1":[190],"compared":[192],"previous":[195],"SoA":[196],"embedded":[197],"implementation.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
