{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2965849643","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/aicas.2019.8771612","title":"Age Estimation on Low Quality Face Images","display_name":"Age Estimation on Low Quality Face Images","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2965849643","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/aicas.2019.8771612","mag":"2965849643"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/aicas.2019.8771612","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/aicas.2019.8771612","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE International Conference on Artificial Intelligence Circuits and Systems (AICAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036481579","display_name":"Kuan-Hsien Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1411-2113"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131948415","display_name":"National Taichung University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05bgcav40","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131948415"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kuan-Hsien Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taichung University of Science and Technology, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taichung University of Science and Technology, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131948415"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083142333","display_name":"Hsin\u2010Hua Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7215-0356"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16733864","display_name":"National Taiwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bqach95","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hsin-Hua Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate Institute of Communication Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Institute of Communication Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085279585","display_name":"Soo\u2010Chang Pei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2448-4196"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16733864","display_name":"National Taiwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bqach95","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Soo-Chang Pei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate Institute of Communication Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Institute of Communication Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023526360","display_name":"Tsung-Jung Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4296-0942"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162838928","display_name":"National Chung Hsing University","ror":"https://ror.org/05vn3ca78","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162838928"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tsung-Jung Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162838928"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062752232","display_name":"Chun-Te Chang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131948415","display_name":"National Taichung University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05bgcav40","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131948415"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chun-Te Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taichung University of Science and Technology, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taichung University of Science and Technology, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131948415"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"295","last_page":"296"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.9793999791145325,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9771000146865845,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8254544734954834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6886692047119141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.6879281401634216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.6715532541275024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.6149993538856506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5208723545074463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.5036880373954773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.49474284052848816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimation","display_name":"Estimation","score":0.4837646484375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.47020846605300903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.4483904242515564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.38447242975234985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3481268584728241}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8254544734954834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6886692047119141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6879281401634216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.6715532541275024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.6149993538856506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5208723545074463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5036880373954773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.49474284052848816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96250715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q965330","display_name":"Estimation","level":2,"score":0.4837646484375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.47020846605300903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.4483904242515564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.38447242975234985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3481268584728241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/aicas.2019.8771612","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/aicas.2019.8771612","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE International Conference on Artificial Intelligence Circuits and Systems (AICAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6399999856948853,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","display_name":"Gender equality"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1567822572","https://openalex.org/W2009441118","https://openalex.org/W2118664399","https://openalex.org/W2118755929","https://openalex.org/W2164287382","https://openalex.org/W2214802144","https://openalex.org/W2239239723","https://openalex.org/W2331128040","https://openalex.org/W2344482072","https://openalex.org/W2488236012","https://openalex.org/W2531409750","https://openalex.org/W2767660127","https://openalex.org/W2963446712","https://openalex.org/W6702130928"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2378211422","https://openalex.org/W4321353415","https://openalex.org/W2745001401","https://openalex.org/W2130974462","https://openalex.org/W2028665553","https://openalex.org/W4226493464","https://openalex.org/W3133861977","https://openalex.org/W2951211570","https://openalex.org/W3103566983","https://openalex.org/W3029198973"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,63,149],"this":[1,54],"paper,":[2],"we":[3,26,48,66,82,107,152],"contribute":[4],"an":[5,24],"age":[6,46,60,130,146],"estimation":[7,61,131,147],"method":[8,88,164],"towards":[9],"dealing":[10],"with":[11,124],"low":[12,30,55],"quality":[13,56],"face":[14],"images.":[15,93],"This":[16],"is":[17,99,141],"a":[18,68,86,95,109,138,168],"practical":[19],"and":[20,134,158,165],"important":[21],"problem":[22],"because":[23],"image":[25,57],"received":[27],"may":[28],"have":[29],"resolution":[31],"or":[32],"be":[33],"affected":[34],"by":[35],"some":[36],"noise":[37],"via":[38],"transmission.":[39],"Upon":[40],"reviewing":[41],"the":[42,91,103,150],"literature":[43],"on":[44],"facial":[45,59],"estimation,":[47],"notice":[49],"that":[50],"few":[51],"articles":[52],"tackle":[53],"based":[58],"problem.":[62],"our":[64,162],"framework,":[65],"propose":[67,83],"newly":[69],"designed":[70],"deep":[71,110,120,175],"convolutional":[72],"neural":[73],"networks":[74,121],"architecture,":[75],"consisting":[76],"of":[77],"five":[78],"major":[79],"steps.":[80],"Firstly,":[81],"to":[84,89,101,112,128,143,160],"use":[85,108,153],"super-resolution":[87],"enhance":[90],"input":[92],"Secondly,":[94],"data":[96],"augmentation":[97],"step":[98],"utilized":[100],"ease":[102],"training":[104],"procedure.":[105],"Thirdly,":[106],"network":[111],"conduct":[113],"gender":[114],"grouping.":[115],"Fourthly,":[116],"two":[117,154,173],"recently":[118],"proposed":[119,163],"are":[122],"modified":[123],"depthwise":[125],"separable":[126],"convolutions":[127],"perform":[129],"within":[132],"male":[133],"female":[135],"groups.":[136],"Finally,":[137],"fusion":[139],"procedure":[140],"added":[142],"further":[144],"boost":[145],"accuracy.":[148],"experiment,":[151],"benchmark":[155],"datasets,":[156],"IMDB-WIKI":[157],"MORPH-II,":[159],"verify":[161],"also":[166],"show":[167],"significantly":[169],"performance":[170],"improvement":[171],"over":[172],"state-of-the-art":[174],"CNN":[176],"models.":[177]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
