{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2942061430","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/aicas.2019.8771550","title":"Analog Weights in ReRAM DNN Accelerators","display_name":"Analog Weights in ReRAM DNN Accelerators","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2942061430","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/aicas.2019.8771550","mag":"2942061430"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/aicas.2019.8771550","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/aicas.2019.8771550","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE International Conference on Artificial Intelligence Circuits and Systems (AICAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1904.12008","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jason K. Eshraghian","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177877127","display_name":"University of Western Australia","ror":"https://ror.org/047272k79","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177877127"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jason K. Eshraghian","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177877127"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Sung-Mo Kang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185103710","display_name":"University of California, Santa Cruz","ror":"https://ror.org/03s65by71","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185103710"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sung-Mo Kang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Baskin School of Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Baskin School of Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185103710"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Seungbum Baek","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163753206","display_name":"Chungbuk National University","ror":"https://ror.org/02wnxgj78","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163753206"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seungbum Baek","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Chungbuk National University, South Korea, Cheongju 362763"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Chungbuk National University, South Korea, Cheongju 362763","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163753206"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Garrick Orchard","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Garrick Orchard","raw_affiliation_strings":["Temasek Laboratories and Singapore Institute for Neurotechnology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Temasek Laboratories and Singapore Institute for Neurotechnology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Herbert Ho-Ching Iu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177877127","display_name":"University of Western Australia","ror":"https://ror.org/047272k79","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177877127"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Herbert Ho-Ching Iu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177877127"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Wen Lei","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177877127","display_name":"University of Western Australia","ror":"https://ror.org/047272k79","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177877127"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wen Lei","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177877127"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177877127"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.3765,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":36,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92786296,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"267","last_page":"271"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12808","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10472","display_name":"Semiconductor materials and devices","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resistive-random-access-memory","display_name":"Resistive random-access memory","score":0.7214999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crossbar-switch","display_name":"Crossbar switch","score":0.5945000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolution","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","score":0.5083000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.503600001335144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5020999908447266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/memristor","display_name":"Memristor","score":0.49160000681877136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.4830999970436096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","score":0.4810999929904938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4178999960422516}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7347999811172485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182019814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1143830","display_name":"Resistive random-access memory","level":3,"score":0.7214999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29984679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1929149","display_name":"Crossbar switch","level":2,"score":0.5945000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45347329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5166604","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","level":3,"score":0.5083000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.503600001335144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5020999908447266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150072547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212923","display_name":"Memristor","level":2,"score":0.49160000681877136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.4830999970436096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74193536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574844","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.4810999929904938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.42649999260902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.42170000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4178999960422516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134146338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1815901","display_name":"Electronic circuit","level":2,"score":0.4050000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6899612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q852911","display_name":"Resistive touchscreen","level":2,"score":0.40059998631477356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.36320000886917114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984118289","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29954","display_name":"Power consumption","level":3,"score":0.35019999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9870796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q490481","display_name":"Turing","level":2,"score":0.3490999937057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781039887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1391724","display_name":"Factor (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.3294999897480011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C530198007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80831","display_name":"Integrated circuit","level":2,"score":0.32600000500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.3010999858379364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.28610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.28279998898506165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.2816999852657318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.2816999852657318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.2759000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.27320000529289246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.26919999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186967261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5082128","display_name":"Mobile device","level":2,"score":0.265500009059906}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/aicas.2019.8771550","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/aicas.2019.8771550","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE International Conference on Artificial Intelligence Circuits and Systems (AICAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1904.12008","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1904.12008","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1904.12008","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/4584d901-c76c-401e-adcf-4a5a402bf025","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85070478469&partnerID=8YFLogxK","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402523","display_name":"UWA Profiles and Research Repository (University of Western Australia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I177877127","host_organization_name":"The University of Western Australia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177877127"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Eshraghian, J K, Kang, S M, Baek, S, Orchard, G, Iu, H H C & Lei, W 2019, Analog Weights in ReRAM DNN Accelerators. in Proceedings 2019 IEEE International Conference on Artificial Intelligence Circuits and Systems, AICAS 2019., 8771550, Proceedings 2019 IEEE International Conference on Artificial Intelligence Circuits and Systems, AICAS 2019, IEEE, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, pp. 267-271. https://doi.org/10.1109/AICAS.2019.8771550","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1904.12008","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1904.12008","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1904.12008","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1542981317","https://openalex.org/W1967491101","https://openalex.org/W1980446076","https://openalex.org/W2030568691","https://openalex.org/W2035408474","https://openalex.org/W2045009304","https://openalex.org/W2346452875","https://openalex.org/W2508459081","https://openalex.org/W2546662845","https://openalex.org/W2613989746","https://openalex.org/W2766113992","https://openalex.org/W2775771159","https://openalex.org/W2793187489","https://openalex.org/W2802287909","https://openalex.org/W2808645892","https://openalex.org/W2901103544","https://openalex.org/W4243519499","https://openalex.org/W6693397755"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Artificial":[0],"neural":[1,176],"networks":[2],"have":[3,28],"become":[4],"ubiquitous":[5],"in":[6,81,91,183],"modern":[7],"life,":[8],"which":[9],"has":[10],"triggered":[11],"the":[12,77,93,111,120,172],"emergence":[13],"of":[14,18,57,68,79,100,122,143,158,166,174],"a":[15,41,73,82,88,123,134,141,156,164,180],"new":[16],"class":[17],"application":[19],"specific":[20],"integrated":[21],"circuits":[22],"for":[23,133,145],"their":[24,34],"acceleration.":[25],"ReRAM-based":[26],"accelerators":[27],"gained":[29],"significant":[30],"traction":[31],"due":[32],"to":[33,36,110,119,140,171],"ability":[35],"leverage":[37],"in-memory":[38],"computations.":[39],"In":[40],"crossbar":[42,136],"structure,":[43],"they":[44],"can":[45,63],"perform":[46],"multiply-and-accumulate":[47,192],"operations":[48],"more":[49],"efficiently":[50],"than":[51],"standard":[52],"CMOS":[53],"logic.":[54],"By":[55],"virtue":[56],"being":[58],"resistive":[59],"switches,":[60],"ReRAM":[61],"switches":[62],"only":[64,109],"reliably":[65],"store":[66],"one":[67],"two":[69],"states.":[70],"This":[71,85,178],"is":[72],"severe":[74],"limitation":[75],"on":[76],"range":[78],"values":[80],"computational":[83],"kernel.":[84],"paper":[86],"presents":[87,179],"novel":[89],"scheme":[90],"alleviating":[92],"single-bit-per-device":[94],"restriction":[95],"by":[96,138,163],"exploiting":[97],"frequency":[98,121],"dependence":[99],"v-i":[101],"plane":[102],"hysteresis,":[103],"and":[104,160],"assigning":[105],"kernel":[106],"information":[107],"not":[108],"device":[112],"conductance":[113],"but":[114],"also":[115],"partially":[116],"distributing":[117],"it":[118],"time-varying":[124],"input.We":[125],"show":[126],"this":[127],"approach":[128],"reduces":[129,161],"average":[130],"power":[131],"consumption":[132],"single":[135],"convolution":[137],"up":[139],"factor":[142,165],"\u00d716":[144],"an":[146],"unsigned":[147],"8-bit":[148],"input":[149],"image,":[150],"where":[151],"each":[152],"convolutional":[153],"process":[154],"consumes":[155],"worst-case":[157],"1.1mW,":[159],"area":[162],"\u00d78,":[167],"without":[168],"reducing":[169],"accuracy":[170],"level":[173],"binarized":[175],"networks.":[177],"massive":[181],"saving":[182],"computing":[184],"cost":[185],"when":[186],"there":[187],"are":[188],"many":[189],"simultaneous":[190],"in-situ":[191],"processes":[193],"occurring":[194],"across":[195],"different":[196],"crossbars.":[197]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2019-05-03T00:00:00"}