{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4388017365","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/aibthings58340.2023.10292478","title":"A model of Solidity-style smart contracts in the theorem prover Agda","display_name":"A model of Solidity-style smart contracts in the theorem prover Agda","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-09-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4388017365","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/aibthings58340.2023.10292478"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/aibthings58340.2023.10292478","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aibthings58340.2023.10292478","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Blockchain, and Internet of Things (AIBThings)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa64153","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008071537","display_name":"Fahad Alhabardi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0992-2709"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39586589","display_name":"Swansea University","ror":"https://ror.org/053fq8t95","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39586589"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Fahad Alhabardi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Swansea University,Department of Computer Science,Swansea,United Kingdom","Department of Computer Science, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Swansea University,Department of Computer Science,Swansea,United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39586589"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39586589"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060337321","display_name":"Anton Setzer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5322-6060"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39586589","display_name":"Swansea University","ror":"https://ror.org/053fq8t95","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39586589"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anton Setzer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Swansea University,Department of Computer Science,Swansea,United Kingdom","Department of Computer Science, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Swansea University,Department of Computer Science,Swansea,United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39586589"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39586589"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5008071537"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39586589"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3767,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85859938,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"239","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"10"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11182","display_name":"Auction Theory and Applications","score":0.9412999749183655,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solidity","display_name":"Solidity","score":0.9095993041992188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automated-theorem-proving","display_name":"Automated theorem proving","score":0.6400507688522339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.6251865029335022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/style","display_name":"Style (visual arts)","score":0.5916813015937805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5804063677787781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gas-meter-prover","display_name":"Gas meter prover","score":0.519170880317688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proof-assistant","display_name":"Proof assistant","score":0.41942453384399414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calculus","display_name":"Calculus (dental)","score":0.32145148515701294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.24986854195594788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-proof","display_name":"Mathematical proof","score":0.09189829230308533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/art","display_name":"Art","score":0.0815592110157013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/literature","display_name":"Literature","score":0.05692526698112488}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778362873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24909565","display_name":"Solidity","level":2,"score":0.9095993041992188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206880738","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q431667","display_name":"Automated theorem proving","level":2,"score":0.6400507688522339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.6251865029335022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776445246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1792644","display_name":"Style (visual arts)","level":2,"score":0.5916813015937805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5804063677787781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159718280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5526353","display_name":"Gas meter prover","level":3,"score":0.519170880317688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203265346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11387554","display_name":"Proof assistant","level":3,"score":0.41942453384399414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777686260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q144037","display_name":"Calculus (dental)","level":2,"score":0.32145148515701294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.24986854195594788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108710211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11538","display_name":"Mathematical proof","level":2,"score":0.09189829230308533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0815592110157013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.05692526698112488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199343813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12128","display_name":"Dentistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/aibthings58340.2023.10292478","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aibthings58340.2023.10292478","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Blockchain, and Internet of Things (AIBThings)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:cronfa.swan.ac.uk:cronfa64153","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa64153","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401612","display_name":"Cronfa (Swansea University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I39586589","host_organization_name":"Swansea University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39586589"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Conference Paper/Proceeding/Abstract"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:cronfa.swan.ac.uk:cronfa64153","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa64153","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401612","display_name":"Cronfa (Swansea University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I39586589","host_organization_name":"Swansea University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39586589"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Conference Paper/Proceeding/Abstract"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5400000214576721,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W569543113","https://openalex.org/W1518007559","https://openalex.org/W1528415032","https://openalex.org/W1541318173","https://openalex.org/W1553511155","https://openalex.org/W1558175043","https://openalex.org/W1595372275","https://openalex.org/W2086127849","https://openalex.org/W2265625463","https://openalex.org/W2604844934","https://openalex.org/W2611719544","https://openalex.org/W2798711290","https://openalex.org/W2803238698","https://openalex.org/W2899381463","https://openalex.org/W2901515670","https://openalex.org/W2963610883","https://openalex.org/W2973974458","https://openalex.org/W2979162004","https://openalex.org/W2979374757","https://openalex.org/W2995871203","https://openalex.org/W2998733773","https://openalex.org/W2999378142","https://openalex.org/W3011238671","https://openalex.org/W3020116172","https://openalex.org/W3031906162","https://openalex.org/W3043576244","https://openalex.org/W3047945658","https://openalex.org/W3082679250","https://openalex.org/W3103292315","https://openalex.org/W3129517363","https://openalex.org/W3151748982","https://openalex.org/W4280628586","https://openalex.org/W4294560806","https://openalex.org/W4362503977","https://openalex.org/W4388017365","https://openalex.org/W6631047542","https://openalex.org/W6672135484","https://openalex.org/W6750261232","https://openalex.org/W6793285265","https://openalex.org/W6838667259","https://openalex.org/W6983460118"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2124145386","https://openalex.org/W4246350535","https://openalex.org/W2809689211","https://openalex.org/W2160478595","https://openalex.org/W3100311625","https://openalex.org/W2522499048","https://openalex.org/W4214826241","https://openalex.org/W2074713291","https://openalex.org/W1909465604","https://openalex.org/W2759683207"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"use":[1],"of":[2,17,34,64,90,129],"smart":[3,54,65,93,104],"contracts":[4,29,55,66,94,108,148],"is":[5,82,113],"transforming":[6],"traditional":[7],"industry":[8],"and":[9,70,124,132,137,149,153,161],"business":[10],"practices.":[11],"It":[12],"enables":[13],"the":[14,21,76,87,127,154],"automatic":[15],"enforcement":[16],"contractual":[18],"terms":[19],"without":[20],"need":[22,49],"for":[23],"a":[24,32,83],"trusted":[25],"third":[26],"party.":[27],"Smart":[28],"can":[30,56],"automate":[31],"variety":[33],"transactions":[35],"on":[36],"Blockchain.":[37],"Despite":[38],"their":[39],"numerous":[40],"benefits,":[41],"some":[42],"challenges,":[43],"such":[44],"as":[45],"security":[46],"vulnerabilities,":[47],"still":[48],"to":[50,100,135,146],"be":[51,57],"addressed":[52],"before":[53],"widely":[58],"adopted.This":[59],"paper":[60],"introduces":[61],"two":[62],"models":[63,121,141],"\u2013":[67,74],"one":[68,71],"simple":[69,123],"more":[72,115,155],"complex":[73,116,125,156],"using":[75,95],"interactive":[77],"theorem":[78],"prover":[79],"Agda.":[80],"This":[81],"step":[84],"towards":[85],"converting":[86],"previous":[88],"work":[89],"verifying":[91],"Bitcoin":[92],"weakest":[96],"preconditions":[97],"[1],":[98],"[2]":[99],"Ethereum\u2019s":[101,107],"Solidity-style":[102],"[3]":[103],"contracts.":[105],"Since":[106],"are":[109],"object-oriented,":[110],"this":[111],"model":[112,157],"substantially":[114],"than":[117],"Bitcoin\u2019s.":[118],"We":[119],"provide":[120],"supporting":[122],"executions,":[126],"calling":[128],"other":[130,147],"contracts,":[131,152],"functions":[133],"referring":[134],"addresses":[136],"messages.":[138],"Furthermore,":[139],"these":[140],"also":[142],"support":[143],"transferring":[144],"money":[145],"updating":[150],"specific":[151],"includes":[158],"gas":[159],"cost":[160],"pure":[162],"functions.":[163]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-12-25T23:11:45.687758","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}