{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3199089714","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/agro-geoinformatics50104.2021.9530360","title":"Classification and Mapping of Paddy Rice using Multi-temporal Landsat Data with a Deep Semantic Segmentation Model","display_name":"Classification and Mapping of Paddy Rice using Multi-temporal Landsat Data with a Deep Semantic Segmentation Model","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-07-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3199089714","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/agro-geoinformatics50104.2021.9530360","mag":"3199089714"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/agro-geoinformatics50104.2021.9530360","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/agro-geoinformatics50104.2021.9530360","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 9th International Conference on Agro-Geoinformatics (Agro-Geoinformatics)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019774765","display_name":"Meiqi Du","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1288702032","display_name":"Ministry of Education","ror":"https://ror.org/05p70jq59","country_code":"NZ","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1288702032"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN","NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meiqi Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Applied Remote Sensing and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Resource Sciences Zhejiang University,Hangzhou,China","Institute of Applied Remote Sensing and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Resource Sciences Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Applied Remote Sensing and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Resource Sciences Zhejiang University,Hangzhou,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1288702032"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Applied Remote Sensing and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Resource Sciences Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045675946","display_name":"Jingfeng Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4627-6021"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1288702032","display_name":"Ministry of Education","ror":"https://ror.org/05p70jq59","country_code":"NZ","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1288702032"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN","NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingfeng Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Applied Remote Sensing and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Resource Sciences Zhejiang University,Hangzhou,China","Institute of Applied Remote Sensing and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Resource Sciences Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Applied Remote Sensing and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Resource Sciences Zhejiang University,Hangzhou,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1288702032"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Applied Remote Sensing and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Resource Sciences Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079759599","display_name":"Dengfeng Chai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4756-3412"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dengfeng Chai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Spatial Information Technique, Zhejiang University,Hangzhou,China","Institute of Spatial Information Technique, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Spatial Information Technique, Zhejiang University,Hangzhou,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Spatial Information Technique, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100702153","display_name":"Tao Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9721-5363"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tao Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhejiang University,College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science,Hangzhou,China","College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang University,College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science,Hangzhou,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049366215","display_name":"Pengliang Wei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4432-1338"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1288702032","display_name":"Ministry of Education","ror":"https://ror.org/05p70jq59","country_code":"NZ","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1288702032"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN","NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pengliang Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Applied Remote Sensing and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Resource Sciences Zhejiang University,Hangzhou,China","Institute of Applied Remote Sensing and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Resource Sciences Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Applied Remote Sensing and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Resource Sciences Zhejiang University,Hangzhou,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1288702032"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Applied Remote Sensing and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Resource Sciences Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.3746,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92015968,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10640","display_name":"Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses","score":0.9887999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1602","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.7217763662338257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/moderate-resolution-imaging-spectroradiometer","display_name":"Moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer","score":0.5945383906364441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/paddy-field","display_name":"Paddy field","score":0.594357430934906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-cover","display_name":"Land cover","score":0.5807377696037292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-resolution","display_name":"Image resolution","score":0.5574119687080383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5335527062416077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.4398728311061859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.43791621923446655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temporal-resolution","display_name":"Temporal resolution","score":0.43488359451293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.4280858337879181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2552076578140259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-use","display_name":"Land use","score":0.2522289752960205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.19059070944786072}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.7217763662338257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777007095","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q676840","display_name":"Moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer","level":3,"score":0.5945383906364441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85582077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q842623","display_name":"Paddy field","level":2,"score":0.594357430934906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780648208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3001793","display_name":"Land cover","level":3,"score":0.5807377696037292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205372480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210521","display_name":"Image resolution","level":2,"score":0.5574119687080383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5335527062416077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.4398728311061859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.43791621923446655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119666444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5977280","display_name":"Temporal resolution","level":2,"score":0.43488359451293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.4280858337879181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2552076578140259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4792198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165944","display_name":"Land use","level":2,"score":0.2522289752960205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.19059070944786072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/agro-geoinformatics50104.2021.9530360","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/agro-geoinformatics50104.2021.9530360","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 9th International Conference on Agro-Geoinformatics (Agro-Geoinformatics)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5400000214576721,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W250311148","https://openalex.org/W645597650","https://openalex.org/W1075058700","https://openalex.org/W1490013487","https://openalex.org/W1655403841","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1990244654","https://openalex.org/W2011787232","https://openalex.org/W2030165874","https://openalex.org/W2060897350","https://openalex.org/W2081047143","https://openalex.org/W2143130611","https://openalex.org/W2176432844","https://openalex.org/W2179290474","https://openalex.org/W2290326488","https://openalex.org/W2346726898","https://openalex.org/W2468363661","https://openalex.org/W2492913463","https://openalex.org/W2756898590","https://openalex.org/W2767953525","https://openalex.org/W2788008270","https://openalex.org/W2791592925","https://openalex.org/W2791983192","https://openalex.org/W2793923031","https://openalex.org/W2796164191","https://openalex.org/W2808682285","https://openalex.org/W2884561390","https://openalex.org/W2900217217","https://openalex.org/W2903282641","https://openalex.org/W2936703070","https://openalex.org/W2962914239","https://openalex.org/W3013769681","https://openalex.org/W3089681013","https://openalex.org/W3103964896","https://openalex.org/W3135196696","https://openalex.org/W3188465708","https://openalex.org/W6639824700"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2921923888","https://openalex.org/W1968232416","https://openalex.org/W2908695806","https://openalex.org/W2086038705","https://openalex.org/W2080965330","https://openalex.org/W1966472837","https://openalex.org/W2074577214","https://openalex.org/W2547534968","https://openalex.org/W2015273319","https://openalex.org/W2615806692"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"a":[1,82,182,314],"staple":[2],"commodity":[3],"in":[4,14,157,170,233,236,259,297],"major":[5],"world":[6],"markets,":[7],"paddy":[8,36,46,129,189,279,293,452],"rice":[9,37,47,130,190,256,280,294,453],"plays":[10],"an":[11,247],"important":[12],"role":[13],"various":[15,284],"environmental":[16,165],"issues":[17],"including":[18,173,321],"food":[19],"security,":[20],"water":[21],"use,":[22],"climate":[23],"change,":[24],"and":[25,30,33,42,54,76,94,107,112,126,132,145,168,209,218,239,282,289,313,337,351,360,392,407,414,449],"disease":[26],"transmission.":[27],"Therefore,":[28],"timely":[29],"accurate":[31],"classification":[32,131,147,191,295,371,448],"monitoring":[34],"on":[35,193],"are":[38],"necessary":[39],"for":[40,128,186,272,278,446],"scientific":[41],"practical":[43],"purposes.":[44],"Precise":[45],"field":[48,454],"maps":[49,88],"require":[50],"high":[51,95],"spatial":[52,68,74,96,136],"resolution":[53,69,75,97,106,208],"temporal":[55,105,207,219,285,366,388],"observation":[56],"frequency.":[57],"Moderate":[58],"Resolution":[59],"Imaging":[60],"Spectroradiometer":[61],"(MODIS)":[62],"images":[63],"at":[64,89,134],"500-m":[65],"or":[66],"250-m":[67],"have":[70,415],"problems":[71,102],"with":[72,103,246,395,420],"coarse":[73],"mixed":[77],"land":[78,174],"cover":[79,111,175],"types":[80],"within":[81],"pixel.":[83],"When":[84],"generating":[85],"annual":[86],"cropping":[87],"large":[90,187,456],"scales":[91],"using":[92,356],"multi-temporal":[93,194,440],"(e.g.":[98],"Landsat":[99,195,202,318,443],"TM/ETM+),":[100],"the":[101,116,122,124,141,151,199,224,237,243,254,260,274,292,323,341,344,353,381,421,430,434],"low":[104,206],"missing":[108],"pixels(e.g.":[109],"cloud":[110,211,225],"SLC-off":[113],"data)":[114],"reduce":[115],"amount":[117],"of":[118,154,201,242,249,316,343,380,418,424,433,451],"usable":[119],"data.":[120,196],"In":[121],"past,":[123],"accuracy":[125,358,417],"efficiency":[127],"mapping":[133,450],"fine":[135],"resolutions":[137],"were":[138,263,306,333],"limited":[139],"by":[140,355],"poor":[142],"data":[143,203,441],"availability":[144],"traditional":[146],"methods.":[148],"Thanks":[149],"to":[150,180,205,221,265,299,331,335,369,375],"strong":[152],"ability":[153],"deep":[155,275],"learning(DL)":[156],"feature":[158],"representation,":[159],"DL":[160],"has":[161],"been":[162],"introduced":[163],"into":[164],"remote":[166],"sensing":[167],"applied":[169],"many":[171],"aspects,":[172],"mapping.":[176],"This":[177],"study":[178],"aims":[179],"use":[181],"semantic":[183,435],"segmentation":[184,436],"model":[185,277,383,437],"scale":[188],"based":[192],"To":[197,339],"address":[198],"challenge":[200],"due":[204],"inevitable":[210],"contamination,":[212],"this":[213],"research":[214],"uses":[215],"linear":[216],"interpolation":[217],"resampling":[220,367],"largely":[222],"overcome":[223],"contamination":[226],"issue.":[227],"The":[228],"experiment":[229],"was":[230,384,390],"carried":[231],"out":[232],"Arkansas":[234],"located":[235],"middle":[238],"lower":[240],"reaches":[241],"Mississippi":[244],"River,":[245],"area":[248],"137,733":[250],"km2,":[251],"which":[252,444],"is":[253,269],"largest":[255],"producing":[257],"state":[258],"U.S.":[261],"Experiments":[262],"designed":[264],"evaluate":[266],"what":[267],"information":[268],"most":[270],"useful":[271],"training":[273,401],"learning":[276],"classification,":[281],"how":[283],"intervals":[286],"(7-day,":[287],"14-day":[288],"28-day)":[290],"affect":[291],"performance":[296,342,379,413],"order":[298],"derive":[300],"optimal":[301],"time":[302],"interval.":[303],"All":[304],"experiments":[305,364],"conducted":[307],"over":[308,455],"Arkansas&#x2019;":[309],"agricultural":[310],"planting":[311],"areas,":[312],"total":[315],"63":[317],"multitemporal":[319],"scenes":[320],"all":[322],"six":[324],"optical":[325,397],"spectral":[326,398],"bands":[327,399,404],"spanning":[328],"from":[329,442],"2016":[330],"2019":[332],"used":[334],"train":[336],"test.":[338],"assess":[340],"trained":[345],"model,":[346],"we":[347],"calculated":[348],"pixel-based":[349],"metrics":[350],"analysed":[352],"results":[354,428],"overall":[357,416],"(OA)":[359],"F1":[361,422],"score.":[362],"Computational":[363],"show":[365,410],"leads":[368],"improved":[370],"accuracies":[372],"when":[373,387],"compared":[374],"non-resample.":[376],"A":[377],"good":[378],"proposed":[382],"also":[385],"recorded":[386],"interval":[389],"7-day":[391],"14-day.":[393],"Compared":[394],"6":[396],"as":[400],"features,":[402],"3":[403],"(red,":[405],"near-infrared":[406],"short-wave":[408],"infrared)":[409],"notably":[411],"better":[412],"0.77-0.91,":[419],"score":[423],"0.65-0.91.":[425],"Overall,":[426],"our":[427],"demonstrate":[429],"valuable":[431],"potential":[432],"that":[438],"utilizes":[439],"allows":[445],"detailed":[447],"areas.":[457]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
