{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3199239698","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/agro-geoinformatics50104.2021.9530295","title":"Estuary water quality classification through deep learning image segmentation, an example of Hangzhou Bay","display_name":"Estuary water quality classification through deep learning image segmentation, an example of Hangzhou Bay","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-07-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3199239698","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/agro-geoinformatics50104.2021.9530295","mag":"3199239698"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/agro-geoinformatics50104.2021.9530295","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/agro-geoinformatics50104.2021.9530295","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 9th International Conference on Agro-Geoinformatics (Agro-Geoinformatics)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007578632","display_name":"Changcheng Ding","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31847773","display_name":"Zhejiang Ocean University","ror":"https://ror.org/03mys6533","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31847773"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Changcheng Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University Ocean Academy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University Ocean Academy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31847773","https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100419419","display_name":"Xiaoyu Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8057-3997"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31847773","display_name":"Zhejiang Ocean University","ror":"https://ror.org/03mys6533","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31847773"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoyu Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University Ocean Academy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University Ocean Academy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31847773","https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007258377","display_name":"Shuchang Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3011-7432"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31847773","display_name":"Zhejiang Ocean University","ror":"https://ror.org/03mys6533","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31847773"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuchang Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University Ocean Academy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University Ocean Academy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31847773","https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102346645","display_name":"Wencong Han","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31847773","display_name":"Zhejiang Ocean University","ror":"https://ror.org/03mys6533","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31847773"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wencong Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University Ocean Academy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University Ocean Academy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31847773","https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112685476","display_name":"Yanfang Lu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31847773","display_name":"Zhejiang Ocean University","ror":"https://ror.org/03mys6533","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31847773"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanfang Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University Ocean Academy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University Ocean Academy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31847773","https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069353502","display_name":"Jianwei Yin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4703-7348"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianwei Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5007578632"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31847773","https://openalex.org/I76130692"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3768,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.63790316,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10032","display_name":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10032","display_name":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10230","display_name":"Marine and fisheries research","score":0.9926000237464905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10341","display_name":"Coral and Marine Ecosystems Studies","score":0.9915000200271606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-quality","display_name":"Water quality","score":0.7427961230278015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.59412682056427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estuary","display_name":"Estuary","score":0.5077289342880249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5073458552360535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.48927542567253113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.46067723631858826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sediment","display_name":"Sediment","score":0.41783371567726135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4109843671321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3690648078918457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.17904514074325562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oceanography","display_name":"Oceanography","score":0.12217438220977783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.1007283627986908}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780797713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q625376","display_name":"Water quality","level":2,"score":0.7427961230278015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.59412682056427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88160329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47053","display_name":"Estuary","level":2,"score":0.5077289342880249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5073458552360535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.48927542567253113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.46067723631858826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2816523","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180184","display_name":"Sediment","level":2,"score":0.41783371567726135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4109843671321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3690648078918457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.17904514074325562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.12217438220977783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.1007283627986908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/agro-geoinformatics50104.2021.9530295","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/agro-geoinformatics50104.2021.9530295","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 9th International Conference on Agro-Geoinformatics (Agro-Geoinformatics)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5899999737739563,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","display_name":"Clean water and sanitation"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337504","display_name":"Research and Development","ror":"https://ror.org/027s68j25"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1471258893","https://openalex.org/W1971118443","https://openalex.org/W1976471516","https://openalex.org/W2017037148","https://openalex.org/W2071883336","https://openalex.org/W2121407182","https://openalex.org/W2126154792","https://openalex.org/W2127091722","https://openalex.org/W3115168990","https://openalex.org/W6628467654","https://openalex.org/W6788153254"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4308514784","https://openalex.org/W4387879748","https://openalex.org/W2736025467","https://openalex.org/W2061220994","https://openalex.org/W1993477065","https://openalex.org/W2348200030","https://openalex.org/W2484375660","https://openalex.org/W2060473030","https://openalex.org/W586398602","https://openalex.org/W1982013615"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Suspended":[0],"sediment":[1,33],"plays":[2],"a":[3,23],"dual":[4],"role":[5],"in":[6,25,78,162],"the":[7,16,106,117,120,135,143],"aquatic":[8,17,26],"ecosystems.":[9,27],"It":[10],"serves":[11],"an":[12,113],"important":[13],"part":[14],"of":[15,30,64,66,73,109,139,174],"nutrient":[18],"cycle":[19],"but":[20],"is":[21,53,124],"also":[22],"pollutant":[24],"Traditional":[28],"methods":[29,82],"measuring":[31],"suspended":[32],"concentration":[34],"(SSC)":[35],"are":[36,84,145],"mainly":[37,85],"in-situ":[38],"sampling":[39],"and":[40,69,129,137,157],"laboratory":[41],"analysis.":[42],"Through":[43],"optical":[44],"sensors":[45],"carried":[46],"by":[47,127,142],"satellites":[48],"or":[49,91],"airplanes,":[50],"large-scale":[51],"SSC":[52,140],"possible":[54],"to":[55,60],"be":[56,168],"acquired,":[57],"which":[58],"helps":[59],"improve":[61],"our":[62],"understanding":[63],"connections":[65],"source,":[67],"sink":[68],"pathway.":[70],"Although":[71],"lots":[72],"efforts":[74],"have":[75,100],"been":[76,101],"done":[77],"water":[79,121,175],"quality":[80,122,165],"modeling,":[81],"utilized":[83],"multi-layer":[86],"perceptrons,":[87],"machine":[88],"learning":[89],"algorithms":[90],"physio-chemical":[92],"models,":[93],"few":[94],"tries":[95],"on":[96,116],"convolutional":[97],"neural":[98],"networks":[99],"done.":[102],"Here":[103],"we":[104],"take":[105],"Landsat":[107],"image":[108],"Hangzhou":[110],"Bay":[111],"as":[112,148],"example.":[114],"Based":[115],"inversion":[118],"algorithm":[119],"classification":[123,166],"conducted":[125],"through":[126],"1D-CNN":[128],"2D-UNet":[130],"model.":[131],"Best":[132],"match":[133],"between":[134],"band":[136],"reflectance":[138],"received":[141],"sensor":[144],"carefully":[146],"selected":[147],"input.":[149],"Both":[150],"models":[151],"prove":[152],"feasible":[153],"with":[154],"convincing":[155],"accuracy":[156],"precision,":[158],"despite":[159],"some":[160],"discrepancies":[161],"details.":[163],"Water":[164],"could":[167],"furtherly":[169],"completed":[170],"if":[171],"taking":[172],"multi-index":[173],"into":[176],"account.":[177]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-01-13T01:12:25.745995","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}