{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4388039758","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/africon55910.2023.10293647","title":"An Internet of Things Based system for Road Surface Condition Assessment Using Machine Learning","display_name":"An Internet of Things Based system for Road Surface Condition Assessment Using Machine Learning","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-09-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4388039758","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/africon55910.2023.10293647"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/africon55910.2023.10293647","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/africon55910.2023.10293647","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE AFRICON","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Michael Ochiel","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97231232","display_name":"Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/041vsn055","country_code":"TZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97231232"]}],"countries":["TZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Ochiel","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of computational and communication science and engineering, The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology,Arusha,Tanzania","School of computational and communication science and engineering, The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha, Tanzania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of computational and communication science and engineering, The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology,Arusha,Tanzania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97231232"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of computational and communication science and engineering, The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha, Tanzania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97231232"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Janeth Riwa","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97231232","display_name":"Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/041vsn055","country_code":"TZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97231232"]}],"countries":["TZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Janeth Riwa","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of computational and communication science and engineering, The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology,Arusha,Tanzania","School of computational and communication science and engineering, The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha, Tanzania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of computational and communication science and engineering, The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology,Arusha,Tanzania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97231232"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of computational and communication science and engineering, The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha, Tanzania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97231232"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Japheth Abashe","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97231232","display_name":"Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/041vsn055","country_code":"TZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97231232"]}],"countries":["TZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Japheth Abashe","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of computational and communication science and engineering, The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology,Arusha,Tanzania","School of computational and communication science and engineering, The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha, Tanzania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of computational and communication science and engineering, The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology,Arusha,Tanzania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97231232"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of computational and communication science and engineering, The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha, Tanzania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97231232"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004213889","display_name":"Shubi Kaijage","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9443-957X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97231232","display_name":"Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/041vsn055","country_code":"TZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97231232"]}],"countries":["TZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shubi Kaijage","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of computational and communication science and engineering, The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology,Arusha,Tanzania","School of computational and communication science and engineering, The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha, Tanzania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of computational and communication science and engineering, The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology,Arusha,Tanzania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97231232"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of computational and communication science and engineering, The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha, Tanzania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97231232"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011145738","display_name":"Judith Leo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7420-6533"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97231232","display_name":"Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/041vsn055","country_code":"TZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97231232"]}],"countries":["TZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Judith Leo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of computational and communication science and engineering, The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology,Arusha,Tanzania","School of computational and communication science and engineering, The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha, Tanzania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of computational and communication science and engineering, The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology,Arusha,Tanzania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97231232"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of computational and communication science and engineering, The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha, Tanzania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97231232"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97231232"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.16168482,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11606","display_name":"Infrastructure Maintenance and Monitoring","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11606","display_name":"Infrastructure Maintenance and Monitoring","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11344","display_name":"Traffic Prediction and Management Techniques","score":0.9871000051498413,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10264","display_name":"Asphalt Pavement Performance Evaluation","score":0.9495000243186951,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/road-surface","display_name":"Road surface","score":0.7936412692070007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automation","display_name":"Automation","score":0.6265154480934143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tanzania","display_name":"Tanzania","score":0.6105183362960815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5240338444709778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.5127304792404175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transport-engineering","display_name":"Transport engineering","score":0.5038310885429382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.4892587661743164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/advanced-driver-assistance-systems","display_name":"Advanced driver assistance systems","score":0.4723188579082489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.4209573268890381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3470624089241028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.32307201623916626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/civil-engineering","display_name":"Civil engineering","score":0.13208189606666565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.1120050847530365}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780042925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1049667","display_name":"Road surface","level":2,"score":0.7936412692070007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115901376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184199","display_name":"Automation","level":2,"score":0.6265154480934143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779357621","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q655495","display_name":"Tanzania","level":2,"score":0.6105183362960815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5240338444709778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.5127304792404175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.5038310885429382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4892587661743164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87833898","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1060280","display_name":"Advanced driver assistance systems","level":2,"score":0.4723188579082489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4209573268890381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3470624089241028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.32307201623916626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.13208189606666565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.1120050847530365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91375879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15473274","display_name":"Environmental planning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/africon55910.2023.10293647","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/africon55910.2023.10293647","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE AFRICON","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5199999809265137,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2891534395","https://openalex.org/W2923477440","https://openalex.org/W2963116153","https://openalex.org/W3015385395","https://openalex.org/W3037708318","https://openalex.org/W3107151132","https://openalex.org/W3125794633","https://openalex.org/W4281702041","https://openalex.org/W4282027760","https://openalex.org/W4293094887","https://openalex.org/W4293817254","https://openalex.org/W4309683859","https://openalex.org/W4386076325"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2754697109","https://openalex.org/W4390038797","https://openalex.org/W2065780911","https://openalex.org/W2901808822","https://openalex.org/W4398749736","https://openalex.org/W4238742044","https://openalex.org/W4398883732","https://openalex.org/W610123486","https://openalex.org/W4250334497","https://openalex.org/W3180336185"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Road":[0,47],"surface":[1,61],"condition":[2,101,120],"assessment":[3,121],"is":[4,84],"crucial":[5],"for":[6,16,46,86,140],"maintaining":[7],"road":[8,12,18,60,80,100,119,142,155,169],"safety":[9,170],"and":[10,25,30,65,137,164,171,196],"preserving":[11],"infrastructure.":[13],"However,":[14],"techniques":[15],"assessing":[17,141],"conditions":[19,62,143],"employed":[20],"in":[21,123,144,167,179],"Tanzania":[22],"are":[23],"manual":[24],"labor-intensive,":[26],"leading":[27],"to":[28,75,93,191],"slow":[29],"ineffective":[31],"repair":[32],"practices.":[33],"To":[34],"address":[35],"these":[36],"challenges,":[37],"this":[38],"project":[39,158],"developed":[40,107],"an":[41],"Internet":[42],"of":[43,99,105,162,182,194],"Things-based":[44],"system":[45,55,108,131,152],"Surface":[48],"Condition":[49],"Assessment":[50],"using":[51,63,71],"Machine":[52],"Learning.":[53],"The":[54,82,103,125,146],"collects":[56],"real-time":[57],"data":[58,70,83,117],"on":[59,78,118],"camera":[64],"gyroscope":[66],"sensors;":[67],"processes":[68],"the":[69,79,90,106,129,150,160,180,192],"machine":[72,165],"learning":[73,166],"algorithms":[74],"detect":[76],"defects":[77],"surface.":[81],"used":[85],"decision":[87],"support":[88],"by":[89,97,176],"maintenance":[91],"authorities":[92],"ease":[94],"their":[95],"process":[96],"automation":[98],"surveys.":[102],"effectiveness":[104],"was":[109],"evaluated":[110],"through":[111],"a":[112,133,188],"qualitative":[113],"study":[114,147],"that":[115,128,149],"collected":[116],"practices":[122],"Tanzania.":[124,145],"results":[126],"indicate":[127],"proposed":[130,151],"provides":[132],"more":[134],"efficient,":[135],"cost-effective,":[136],"comprehensive":[138],"method":[139],"found":[148],"facilitated":[153],"efficient":[154],"maintenance.":[156],"This":[157],"highlights":[159],"potential":[161],"IoT":[163],"addressing":[168],"labor":[172],"requirement":[173],"challenges":[174],"faced":[175],"developing":[177],"countries":[178],"field":[181,193],"infrastructure":[183],"management,":[184],"it":[185],"also":[186],"offers":[187],"valuable":[189],"contribution":[190],"transportation":[195],"engineering.":[197]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}