{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4388087198","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/africon55910.2023.10293485","title":"Design of an Asynchronous BCI Based on a Facial Expression Paradigm for the Remote Control of Robotic Systems","display_name":"Design of an Asynchronous BCI Based on a Facial Expression Paradigm for the Remote Control of Robotic Systems","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-09-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4388087198","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/africon55910.2023.10293485"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/africon55910.2023.10293485","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/africon55910.2023.10293485","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE AFRICON","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Pierre Sedi Nzakuna","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I34942010","display_name":"University of Kinshasa","ror":"https://ror.org/05rrz2q74","country_code":"CD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34942010"]}],"countries":["CD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pierre Sedi Nzakuna","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Kinshasa,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Kinshasa,Democratic Republic of Congo","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Kinshasa,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Kinshasa,Democratic Republic of Congo","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34942010"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34942010"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044123569","display_name":"Michel Matalatala","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7242-9960"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I34942010","display_name":"University of Kinshasa","ror":"https://ror.org/05rrz2q74","country_code":"CD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34942010"]}],"countries":["CD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michel Matalatala Tamasala","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Kinshasa,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Kinshasa,Democratic Republic of Congo","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Kinshasa,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Kinshasa,Democratic Republic of Congo","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34942010"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34942010"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016716009","display_name":"Angelo Kuti Lusala","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3162-3019"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I34942010","display_name":"University of Kinshasa","ror":"https://ror.org/05rrz2q74","country_code":"CD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34942010"]}],"countries":["CD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Angelo Kuti Lusala","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Kinshasa,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Kinshasa,Democratic Republic of Congo","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Kinshasa,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Kinshasa,Democratic Republic of Congo","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34942010"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34942010"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079484792","display_name":"Ernest Nlandu Kamavuako","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6846-2090"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","display_name":"King's College London","ror":"https://ror.org/0220mzb33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I183935753"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3129744201","display_name":"University of Kindu","ror":"https://ror.org/03k1g6m92","country_code":"CD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3129744201"]}],"countries":["CD","GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ernest Nlandu Kamavuako","raw_affiliation_strings":["King&#x0027;s College London,Department of Engineering,London,United Kingdom","Department of Basic Sciences, University of Kindu, Kindu, Democratic Republic of Congo"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"King&#x0027;s College London,Department of Engineering,London,United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Basic Sciences, University of Kindu, Kindu, Democratic Republic of Congo","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3129744201"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3286,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.58195652,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"01","last_page":"06"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9678999781608582,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brain\u2013computer-interface","display_name":"Brain\u2013computer interface","score":0.8108413219451904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7246107459068298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asynchronous-communication","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","score":0.6636923551559448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-expression","display_name":"Facial expression","score":0.5786895155906677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.5528674125671387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/expression","display_name":"Expression (computer science)","score":0.43857407569885254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.41133832931518555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.40009796619415283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3575386106967926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.20540699362754822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electroencephalography","display_name":"Electroencephalography","score":0.16938170790672302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.12480297684669495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.07761639356613159}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173201364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q897410","display_name":"Brain\u2013computer interface","level":3,"score":0.8108413219451904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7246107459068298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151319957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752739","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","level":2,"score":0.6636923551559448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195704467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327968","display_name":"Facial expression","level":2,"score":0.5786895155906677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.5528674125671387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90559484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q778379","display_name":"Expression (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.43857407569885254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.41133832931518555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.40009796619415283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3575386106967926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.20540699362754822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.16938170790672302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.12480297684669495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.07761639356613159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/africon55910.2023.10293485","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/africon55910.2023.10293485","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE AFRICON","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2075647286","https://openalex.org/W2082125419","https://openalex.org/W2100830619","https://openalex.org/W2132549764","https://openalex.org/W2148201546","https://openalex.org/W2149857318","https://openalex.org/W2160178585","https://openalex.org/W2169823255","https://openalex.org/W2562547616","https://openalex.org/W2748845601","https://openalex.org/W2888453904","https://openalex.org/W2903665685","https://openalex.org/W2970402034","https://openalex.org/W3112956607","https://openalex.org/W3194758190","https://openalex.org/W4200200406","https://openalex.org/W4248083651"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3202969339","https://openalex.org/W4237513258","https://openalex.org/W2044053727","https://openalex.org/W1994410349","https://openalex.org/W3177028067","https://openalex.org/W1913385466","https://openalex.org/W2914170859","https://openalex.org/W3009380723","https://openalex.org/W4387350691","https://openalex.org/W2642127892"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"an":[3,71],"asynchronous":[4,95],"electroencephalogram":[5],"(EEG)":[6],"Brain-Computer":[7],"Interface":[8],"(BCI)":[9],"based":[10,73],"on":[11,74],"the":[12,19,22,34,46,55,58,68,75,89,107,112,127,130,133,136],"facial":[13],"expression":[14],"paradigm":[15],"was":[16,30,80],"designed":[17,31,83],"for":[18,132,146],"control":[20,109],"of":[21,36,45,57,67,77,91,129,143],"Smart":[23],"Video":[24],"Car":[25],"robot.":[26],"The":[27,82,115],"proposed":[28],"BCI":[29,40,84],"to":[32,48,111,138],"address":[33],"problem":[35],"lengthy":[37],"and":[38,93,135],"tedious":[39],"experiments,":[41],"which":[42,101],"is":[43],"one":[44],"limitations":[47],"their":[49],"general":[50],"public":[51],"use.":[52],"To":[53],"minimize":[54],"duration":[56],"Subjects'":[59],"training":[60,144],"session":[61],"while":[62],"ensuring":[63],"a":[64,103,120,140],"good":[65,121],"classification":[66],"EEG":[69],"data,":[70],"approach":[72],"\u201ccurse":[76],"dimensionality\u201d":[78],"theory":[79],"used.":[81],"achieved":[85],"offline":[86],"accuracy":[87,105],"in":[88],"range":[90],"80.30-99.76%":[92],"performed":[94],"online":[96],"mode":[97],"without":[98],"false":[99],"detection,":[100],"means":[102],"100%":[104],"during":[106],"robot":[108],"thanks":[110],"specified":[113],"thresholds.":[114],"experimental":[116],"results":[117],"show":[118],"that":[119],"trade-off":[122],"can":[123],"be":[124],"found":[125],"between":[126],"comfortability":[128],"experiment":[131],"Subjects":[134],"need":[137],"have":[139],"sufficient":[141],"amount":[142],"data":[145],"satisfactory":[147],"classification.":[148]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
