{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4388039934","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/africon55910.2023.10293468","title":"Genetic Algorithm for Microwave Computer-Aided Design: The State of the Art","display_name":"Genetic Algorithm for Microwave Computer-Aided Design: The State of the Art","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-09-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4388039934","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/africon55910.2023.10293468"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/africon55910.2023.10293468","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/africon55910.2023.10293468","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE AFRICON","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018902896","display_name":"Abadahigwa Bimana","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7432-0192"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24027795","display_name":"University of Johannesburg","ror":"https://ror.org/04z6c2n17","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24027795"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abadahigwa Bimana","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Johannesburg Auckland Park Kingsway Campus,Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment,Auckland Park,South Africa","Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of Johannesburg Auckland Park Kingsway Campus, Auckland Park, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Johannesburg Auckland Park Kingsway Campus,Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment,Auckland Park,South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24027795"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of Johannesburg Auckland Park Kingsway Campus, Auckland Park, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24027795"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087180423","display_name":"Saurabh Sinha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4634-3925"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185492890","display_name":"University of Canterbury","ror":"https://ror.org/03y7q9t39","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185492890"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24027795","display_name":"University of Johannesburg","ror":"https://ror.org/04z6c2n17","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24027795"]}],"countries":["NZ","ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saurabh Sinha","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Johannesburg,Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Science,Johannesburg,South Africa","Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Science, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa","Faculty of Engineering, University of Canterbury, Canterbury, New Zealand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Johannesburg,Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Science,Johannesburg,South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24027795"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Science, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24027795"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering, University of Canterbury, Canterbury, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185492890"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1227,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.45048065,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"01","last_page":"06"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":0.993399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":0.993399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9902999997138977,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.9847999811172485,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-design-automation","display_name":"Electronic design automation","score":0.7691251039505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7103230357170105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-algorithm","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","score":0.5523717999458313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.5058455467224121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-circuit","display_name":"Electronic circuit","score":0.5015490055084229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/circuit-design","display_name":"Circuit design","score":0.4999849796295166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.47333982586860657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm-design","display_name":"Algorithm design","score":0.4719960689544678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-electronics","display_name":"Digital electronics","score":0.46929484605789185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evolutionary-algorithm","display_name":"Evolutionary algorithm","score":0.44575005769729614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automation","display_name":"Automation","score":0.4362049996852875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cad","display_name":"CAD","score":0.4358096122741699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-aided-design","display_name":"Computer Aided Design","score":0.41490116715431213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-automated-design","display_name":"Computer-automated design","score":0.4101433753967285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.40290066599845886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.19983160495758057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.17565718293190002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-design","display_name":"Systems design","score":0.17322945594787598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.16126799583435059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.15011131763458252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering-drawing","display_name":"Engineering drawing","score":0.11674490571022034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.1084534227848053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.10711142420768738}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64260653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1194864","display_name":"Electronic design automation","level":2,"score":0.7691251039505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7103230357170105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8880873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187787","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","level":2,"score":0.5523717999458313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.5058455467224121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134146338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1815901","display_name":"Electronic circuit","level":2,"score":0.5015490055084229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190560348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3245116","display_name":"Circuit design","level":2,"score":0.4999849796295166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.47333982586860657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106516650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm design","level":2,"score":0.4719960689544678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81843906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173156","display_name":"Digital electronics","level":3,"score":0.46929484605789185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159149176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14489129","display_name":"Evolutionary algorithm","level":2,"score":0.44575005769729614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115901376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184199","display_name":"Automation","level":2,"score":0.4362049996852875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194789388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17855283","display_name":"CAD","level":2,"score":0.4358096122741699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119823426","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184793","display_name":"Computer Aided Design","level":2,"score":0.41490116715431213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205976826","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5157390","display_name":"Computer-automated design","level":3,"score":0.4101433753967285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.40290066599845886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.19983160495758057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.17565718293190002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31352089","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3750474","display_name":"Systems design","level":2,"score":0.17322945594787598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.16126799583435059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.15011131763458252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199639397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1788588","display_name":"Engineering drawing","level":1,"score":0.11674490571022034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.1084534227848053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.10711142420768738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/africon55910.2023.10293468","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/africon55910.2023.10293468","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE AFRICON","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W87846333","https://openalex.org/W119114865","https://openalex.org/W206440355","https://openalex.org/W1522425166","https://openalex.org/W1524759419","https://openalex.org/W1543095651","https://openalex.org/W1558689376","https://openalex.org/W1595159159","https://openalex.org/W1762175207","https://openalex.org/W1964007738","https://openalex.org/W1964239621","https://openalex.org/W2008782896","https://openalex.org/W2024060531","https://openalex.org/W2038052890","https://openalex.org/W2067964949","https://openalex.org/W2068687506","https://openalex.org/W2077034095","https://openalex.org/W2080000919","https://openalex.org/W2085737637","https://openalex.org/W2092868525","https://openalex.org/W2111685899","https://openalex.org/W2119581540","https://openalex.org/W2138758959","https://openalex.org/W2144133630","https://openalex.org/W2155792083","https://openalex.org/W2167920923","https://openalex.org/W2168115688","https://openalex.org/W2170941233","https://openalex.org/W2171107890","https://openalex.org/W2564431346","https://openalex.org/W2700513400","https://openalex.org/W2735870452","https://openalex.org/W2782546751","https://openalex.org/W2884165914","https://openalex.org/W2967299510","https://openalex.org/W3011460294","https://openalex.org/W3124954911","https://openalex.org/W3200571292","https://openalex.org/W4247255731","https://openalex.org/W4292013335","https://openalex.org/W4308214372","https://openalex.org/W4367147740","https://openalex.org/W6631192420","https://openalex.org/W6632301449","https://openalex.org/W6634400139","https://openalex.org/W6667653061","https://openalex.org/W6673812739","https://openalex.org/W6683042452","https://openalex.org/W6741258834","https://openalex.org/W7046525971"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2038083073","https://openalex.org/W2349227977","https://openalex.org/W2111898760","https://openalex.org/W2019954703","https://openalex.org/W2046521720","https://openalex.org/W4319431013","https://openalex.org/W2385761770","https://openalex.org/W4376311825","https://openalex.org/W2024555067","https://openalex.org/W1992128702"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,51,75],"design":[1,20,65,132,140],"of":[2,29,44,66,94,156],"microwave":[3],"integrated":[4],"circuits":[5,70],"is":[6,77,120,133],"complex":[7],"and":[8,69,79,81,111,143,145,165],"has":[9,60],"traditionally":[10],"been":[11,61],"done":[12],"by":[13,48,179],"highly":[14],"experienced":[15],"designers.":[16],"Although":[17],"several":[18,180],"electronic":[19],"automation":[21],"(EDA)":[22],"tools":[23,158],"allow":[24],"for":[25,71],"addressing":[26],"some":[27],"complexities":[28],"these":[30],"circuits,":[31],"they":[32],"do":[33],"not":[34],"always":[35],"make":[36],"it":[37],"possible":[38],"to":[39,100,121],"optimize":[40],"the":[41,45,49,64,95,98,108,112,118,128,139,153,174],"performance":[42],"objectives":[43,110],"circuit":[46,103,123],"sought":[47],"designer.":[50],"genetic":[52],"algorithm":[53,76,119],"(GA),":[54],"a":[55,72,102,176],"multiobjective":[56],"optimization":[57,84,147,167],"evolutionary":[58,170],"algorithm,":[59],"used":[62],"in":[63,90,130],"analog":[67,131],"components":[68],"few":[73],"decades.":[74],"robust":[78],"efficient":[80],"surpasses":[82],"classic":[83],"techniques":[85],"based":[86,161],"on":[87,162],"numerical":[88],"methods":[89],"many":[91],"applications.":[92],"Limitations":[93],"GA":[96],"include":[97],"need":[99],"predefine":[101],"topology":[104],"that":[105,152],"can":[106],"achieve":[107],"desired":[109],"considerable":[113],"computing":[114],"resources":[115],"required":[116],"when":[117],"perform":[122],"synthesis.":[124],"Like":[125],"digital":[126],"design,":[127],"trend":[129],"towards":[134],"more":[135],"automation,":[136],"which":[137],"reduces":[138],"complexity,":[141],"cycle":[142],"cost":[144],"improves":[146],"capabilities.":[148],"This":[149],"survey":[150],"showed":[151],"new":[154],"generation":[155],"EDA":[157,182],"will":[159],"be":[160],"machine":[163],"learning":[164],"multiple":[166],"techniques,":[168],"including":[169],"algorithms":[171],"such":[172],"as":[173],"GA,":[175],"direction":[177],"taken":[178],"mainstream":[181],"suppliers.":[183]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
