{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4388039746","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/africon55910.2023.10293452","title":"Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces in VL-NOMA: A Network Signal Enhancement Perspective","display_name":"Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces in VL-NOMA: A Network Signal Enhancement Perspective","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-09-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4388039746","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/africon55910.2023.10293452"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/africon55910.2023.10293452","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/africon55910.2023.10293452","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE AFRICON","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000191900","display_name":"C. E. Ngene","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0308-6762"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24027795","display_name":"University of Johannesburg","ror":"https://ror.org/04z6c2n17","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24027795"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"C. E. Ngene","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Johannesburg,Centre for Smart Information and Communication Systems,Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Science,Johannesburg,South Africa,2006"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Johannesburg,Centre for Smart Information and Communication Systems,Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Science,Johannesburg,South Africa,2006","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24027795"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085254378","display_name":"Prabhat Thakur","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6333-5615"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24027795","display_name":"University of Johannesburg","ror":"https://ror.org/04z6c2n17","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24027795"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I244572783","display_name":"Symbiosis International University","ror":"https://ror.org/005r2ww51","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I244572783"]}],"countries":["IN","ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. Thakur","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Johannesburg,Centre for Smart Information and Communication Systems,Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Science,Johannesburg,South Africa,2006","Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, Symbiosis Institute of Technology, Symbiosis Intemational(Deemed University), Pune, Maharashtra, INDIA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Johannesburg,Centre for Smart Information and Communication Systems,Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Science,Johannesburg,South Africa,2006","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24027795"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, Symbiosis Institute of Technology, Symbiosis Intemational(Deemed University), Pune, Maharashtra, INDIA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I244572783"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061450534","display_name":"Ghanshyam Singh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5159-3286"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24027795","display_name":"University of Johannesburg","ror":"https://ror.org/04z6c2n17","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24027795"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. Singh","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Johannesburg,Centre for Smart Information and Communication Systems,Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Science,Johannesburg,South Africa,2006"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Johannesburg,Centre for Smart Information and Communication Systems,Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Science,Johannesburg,South Africa,2006","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24027795"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5000191900"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24027795"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4011,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.61083681,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11828","display_name":"Corneal Surgery and Treatments","score":0.9731000065803528,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.7605487108230591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6896131038665771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-to-noise-ratio","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","score":0.5340805053710938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.4956923723220825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matlab","display_name":"MATLAB","score":0.4729207158088684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.4435787796974182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexibility","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","score":0.43777960538864136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perspective","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","score":0.42090919613838196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3813844919204712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.31385338306427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.19526854157447815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1548600196838379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.09746596217155457}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.7605487108230591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6896131038665771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13944312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512748","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","level":2,"score":0.5340805053710938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.4956923723220825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780365114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169478","display_name":"MATLAB","level":2,"score":0.4729207158088684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4435787796974182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.43777960538864136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.42090919613838196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3813844919204712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.31385338306427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.19526854157447815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1548600196838379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.09746596217155457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/africon55910.2023.10293452","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/africon55910.2023.10293452","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE AFRICON","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.5099999904632568,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2552158593","https://openalex.org/W2791645749","https://openalex.org/W2945534522","https://openalex.org/W2946504703","https://openalex.org/W2968810373","https://openalex.org/W2969424089","https://openalex.org/W2975820893","https://openalex.org/W2978421897","https://openalex.org/W2990747873","https://openalex.org/W3027118737","https://openalex.org/W3033175307","https://openalex.org/W3034281970","https://openalex.org/W3035049807","https://openalex.org/W3040433108","https://openalex.org/W3041772952","https://openalex.org/W3082956957","https://openalex.org/W3085277981","https://openalex.org/W3091819018","https://openalex.org/W3100536113","https://openalex.org/W3116650889","https://openalex.org/W3131406411","https://openalex.org/W3164862323","https://openalex.org/W3171165549","https://openalex.org/W3188283781","https://openalex.org/W3196510270","https://openalex.org/W3198614582","https://openalex.org/W3212545822","https://openalex.org/W3213825097","https://openalex.org/W4223447468","https://openalex.org/W4226486470","https://openalex.org/W4233726742","https://openalex.org/W4382787133","https://openalex.org/W4384300645","https://openalex.org/W4385361218"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4251298892","https://openalex.org/W2356013541","https://openalex.org/W2385444679","https://openalex.org/W3133868776","https://openalex.org/W144391745","https://openalex.org/W2360644005","https://openalex.org/W2350667299","https://openalex.org/W2365027229","https://openalex.org/W4308823735","https://openalex.org/W2787240389"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,115],"paper":[1],"proposes":[2],"an":[3,97,111,133],"intelligent":[4],"reflecting":[5],"surface":[6],"(IRS)":[7],"in":[8,96,110],"visible":[9],"light":[10],"non-orthogonal":[11],"multiple":[12],"access":[13],"(VL-NOMA):":[14],"a":[15,36,137],"network":[16,117],"signal":[17,41,57,73,154,160,178],"enhancement":[18],"perspective.":[19],"A":[20],"light-emitting":[21],"diode":[22],"(LED)":[23],"with":[24,85,136,161],"advantages":[25],"such":[26],"as":[27,35],"illumination,":[28],"programmable":[29],"nature,":[30],"and":[31,142,176],"flexibility":[32],"is":[33,66,129],"used":[34],"carrier":[37],"to":[38,42,54,59,69,91,100,104,131,149],"transmit":[39],"the":[40,48,60,71,75,77,93,105,118,122,147,152,159,170,180],"two":[43,61,78,106],"users.":[44,62,79],"The":[45,63,80,125],"LED":[46],"employ":[47],"technique":[49],"of":[50],"power":[51,56],"allocation":[52],"(PA)":[53],"assign":[55],"properly":[58],"potential":[64],"challenge":[65],"on":[67],"how":[68,151],"redirect":[70],"reflected":[72,94,153],"from":[74],"LED-IRS-to":[76],"IRS":[81],"has":[82],"been":[83],"deployed":[84],"deep":[86],"reinforcement":[87],"learning":[88],"(DRL)":[89],"approach":[90],"direct":[92],"signals":[95],"indoor":[98],"system":[99,128,148],"route":[101],"toward":[102],"pointing":[103],"users":[107,120,173],"which":[108],"resulted":[109],"improved":[112,134],"signal-to-noise-ratio":[113],"(SNR).":[114],"process":[116],"LED-IRS-two":[119,172],"considering":[121],"polar":[123],"angles.":[124],"proposed":[126],"communication":[127],"synchronized":[130,171],"yield":[132],"SNR":[135],"significantly":[138],"high":[139],"channel":[140,174],"capacity,":[141],"superimposed":[143,177],"signals.":[144],"We":[145,156,168],"optimized":[146],"see":[150],"behaves.":[155],"observe":[157],"that":[158],"optimization":[162],"performs":[163],"better":[164],"than":[165],"ones":[166],"without.":[167],"illustrated":[169],"performance":[175],"employing":[179],"MATLAB":[181],"tool.":[182]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}