{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3208387882","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/africon51333.2021.9570950","title":"Mammalian Species Detection Using a Cascade of Unet and SqueezeNet","display_name":"Mammalian Species Detection Using a Cascade of Unet and SqueezeNet","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-09-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3208387882","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/africon51333.2021.9570950","mag":"3208387882"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/africon51333.2021.9570950","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/africon51333.2021.9570950","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE AFRICON","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073307439","display_name":"Michael Njeru","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387152863","display_name":"Pan African University Institute for Basic Sciences, Technology and Innovation","ror":"https://ror.org/042tph174","country_code":null,"type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387152863"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Njeru","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, Pan African University Institute for Basic Sciences Technology and Innovation, Juja, Kenya"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, Pan African University Institute for Basic Sciences Technology and Innovation, Juja, Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387152863"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088432815","display_name":"Ciira wa Maina","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4203-3129"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I344018163","display_name":"Dedan Kimathi University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05jg5ty85","country_code":"KE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I344018163"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ciira Maina","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Dedan Kimathi University of technology, Nyeri, Kenya"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Dedan Kimathi University of technology, Nyeri, Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I344018163"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066375640","display_name":"Kibet Langat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9564-6995"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26805570","display_name":"Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/015h5sy57","country_code":"KE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26805570"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kibet Langat","raw_affiliation_strings":["Telecommunication and Information Engineering Department, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Juja, Kenya"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Telecommunication and Information Engineering Department, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Juja, Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26805570"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0814,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.45106334,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12388","display_name":"Identification and Quantification in Food","score":0.9894000291824341,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12388","display_name":"Identification and Quantification in Food","score":0.9894000291824341,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9887999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9886000156402588,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6590407490730286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6294492483139038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.552582859992981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bounding-overwatch","display_name":"Bounding overwatch","score":0.4963892102241516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normalization","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","score":0.4828115403652191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4526998996734619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.4521312415599823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.29831886291503906}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6590407490730286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6294492483139038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.552582859992981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63584917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333286","display_name":"Bounding overwatch","level":2,"score":0.4963892102241516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136886441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q926129","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","level":2,"score":0.4828115403652191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4526998996734619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.4521312415599823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.29831886291503906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/africon51333.2021.9570950","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/africon51333.2021.9570950","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE AFRICON","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":0.6299999952316284,"display_name":"Life in Land"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W2010423653","https://openalex.org/W2032583587","https://openalex.org/W2044552547","https://openalex.org/W2174458738","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2279098554","https://openalex.org/W2413367505","https://openalex.org/W2545033772","https://openalex.org/W2612445135","https://openalex.org/W2762281439","https://openalex.org/W2765465583","https://openalex.org/W2769210209","https://openalex.org/W2805259913","https://openalex.org/W2806070179","https://openalex.org/W2905655852","https://openalex.org/W2938783146","https://openalex.org/W2942265585","https://openalex.org/W2943989037","https://openalex.org/W2962835968","https://openalex.org/W2998014461","https://openalex.org/W3016332628","https://openalex.org/W3044351459","https://openalex.org/W3046472267","https://openalex.org/W3082123973","https://openalex.org/W3096271249","https://openalex.org/W3125832420","https://openalex.org/W3128418774","https://openalex.org/W3138881922","https://openalex.org/W4245670861","https://openalex.org/W4297775537","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6695314431","https://openalex.org/W6714964187","https://openalex.org/W6729534366","https://openalex.org/W6737664043","https://openalex.org/W6745240527","https://openalex.org/W6761981288","https://openalex.org/W6775984549"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2591697403","https://openalex.org/W2953716828","https://openalex.org/W2904857019","https://openalex.org/W2944728705","https://openalex.org/W3011538607","https://openalex.org/W2904022177","https://openalex.org/W2359348847","https://openalex.org/W4321441197","https://openalex.org/W4294432981","https://openalex.org/W4321276295"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Monitoring":[0],"of":[1,46,56,64,126,164,248],"wild":[2],"animals":[3,48],"has":[4],"taken":[5],"different":[6],"approaches":[7],"with":[8,97,111,147,188,199,230],"an":[9,39,50,100,148,200,224],"aim":[10],"to":[11,87,114,160],"provide":[12],"vital":[13],"information":[14],"used":[15,78],"in":[16,19,49,169],"animal":[17,25,58,101,235,239],"protection":[18],"their":[20],"natural":[21],"habitats.":[22],"To":[23,68],"recognize":[24],"species":[26,55,250],"without":[27],"human":[28],"trackers":[29],"requires":[30],"machine":[31],"learning":[32],"models":[33,183,222],"that":[34,185],"extract":[35],"specie's":[36],"features":[37],"from":[38],"image.":[40],"This":[41],"project":[42],"proposes":[43],"a":[44,62,94],"method":[45],"counting":[47,245],"image":[51,225,229,253],"and":[52,61,74,104,122,208,226,236,246],"specifying":[53],"the":[54,65,70,80,127,136,140,144,155,161,165,170,173,192,197,212,220,228,237,249,256],"each":[57,88,234,252],"using":[59],"Unet":[60,71,92,186],"variant":[63],"SqueezeNet":[66,107,128,198],"model.":[67,89],"train":[69],"model,":[72,172],"images":[73,112],"corresponding":[75,113,238],"masks":[76],"are":[77,85],"as":[79],"training":[81,214],"data.":[82],"Different":[83],"optimizers":[84],"applied":[86],"During":[90],"inference,":[91],"outputs":[93,227],"binary":[95],"mask":[96],"ones":[98],"where":[99],"is":[102,109,158],"detected":[103],"zeros":[105],"elsewhere.":[106],"model":[108,129,154],"trained":[110,182,187],"six":[115],"classes:":[116],"bushbuck,":[117],"impala,":[118],"llama,":[119],"warthog,":[120],"waterbuck,":[121],"zebra.":[123],"Three":[124],"variants":[125],"have":[130,143],"been":[131],"trained.":[132],"The":[133,181,216,241],"first":[134],"contains":[135,177],"original":[137,145,166],"backbone":[138,146,167],"while":[139,168,196],"other":[141,171],"two":[142,221],"additional":[149],"fire":[150,175],"module.":[151],"In":[152],"one":[153],"Fire":[156,162,202],"module":[157,176,203],"similar":[159],"modules":[163],"extra":[174,201],"batch":[178,205],"normalization":[179],"layers.":[180],"show":[184],"Nadam":[189],"optimizer":[190,210],"achieves":[191,211,243],"highest":[193,213],"dice":[194],"coefficient":[195],"containing":[204,219],"norm":[206],"layers":[207],"RMSprop":[209],"accuracy.":[215],"combined":[217],"system":[218,242],"takes":[223],"bounding":[231],"boxes":[232],"around":[233],"species.":[240],"both":[244],"recognition":[247],"for":[251],"placed":[254],"at":[255],"input.":[257]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
