{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3041271168","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/africon46755.2019.9134054","title":"Key Generation for Electrical Smart Meters using Hash Functions","display_name":"Key Generation for Electrical Smart Meters using Hash Functions","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3041271168","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/africon46755.2019.9134054","mag":"3041271168"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/africon46755.2019.9134054","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/africon46755.2019.9134054","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE AFRICON","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064040875","display_name":"Lincoln Kiarie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5749-2371"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26805570","display_name":"Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/015h5sy57","country_code":"KE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26805570"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lincoln Kamau Kiarie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of telecommunicaiton and Informaiton Engineering, (Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology), Nairobi, Kenya"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of telecommunicaiton and Informaiton Engineering, (Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology), Nairobi, Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26805570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066375640","display_name":"Kibet Langat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9564-6995"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26805570","display_name":"Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/015h5sy57","country_code":"KE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26805570"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Philip Kibet Langat","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of telecommunicaiton and Informaiton Engineering, (Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology), Nairobi, Kenya"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of telecommunicaiton and Informaiton Engineering, (Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology), Nairobi, Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26805570"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014260216","display_name":"Christopher Maina Muriithi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8459-6088"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3133159679","display_name":"Murang'a University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/057k4ej49","country_code":"KE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3133159679"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christopher Maina Muriithi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Power Engineering Department, (Murang\u2019a University of Technology), Nairobi, Kenya","Electrical and Power Engineering Department, (Murang'a University of Technology), Nairobi, Kenya"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Power Engineering Department, (Murang\u2019a University of Technology), Nairobi, Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3133159679"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Power Engineering Department, (Murang'a University of Technology), Nairobi, Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3133159679"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1686,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.54713088,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"v1","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9947999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6996433734893799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.6523120999336243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hash-function","display_name":"Hash function","score":0.6419001817703247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-grid","display_name":"Smart grid","score":0.601563572883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.6005277037620544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-key-cryptography","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","score":0.5388914942741394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5214732885360718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.4861902594566345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upgrade","display_name":"Upgrade","score":0.43051111698150635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-meter","display_name":"Smart meter","score":0.42503345012664795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.38653865456581116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3412910997867584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.18549653887748718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.1576712727546692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.10754290223121643}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6996433734893799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.6523120999336243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99138194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183427","display_name":"Hash function","level":2,"score":0.6419001817703247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10558101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q689855","display_name":"Smart grid","level":2,"score":0.601563572883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.6005277037620544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203062551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201339","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","level":3,"score":0.5388914942741394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5214732885360718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.4861902594566345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780615140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q920419","display_name":"Upgrade","level":2,"score":0.43051111698150635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779510800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1630602","display_name":"Smart meter","level":3,"score":0.42503345012664795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.38653865456581116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3412910997867584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.18549653887748718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.1576712727546692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.10754290223121643}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/africon46755.2019.9134054","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/africon46755.2019.9134054","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE AFRICON","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.550000011920929}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1572300106","https://openalex.org/W1892452466","https://openalex.org/W1930528582","https://openalex.org/W2116065935","https://openalex.org/W2143845394","https://openalex.org/W2150010995","https://openalex.org/W2170300599","https://openalex.org/W2238181472","https://openalex.org/W2576179182","https://openalex.org/W2579603034","https://openalex.org/W2730936454","https://openalex.org/W2750964270","https://openalex.org/W2894806357","https://openalex.org/W2924168746","https://openalex.org/W4235507681"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3018909029","https://openalex.org/W3205631650","https://openalex.org/W2775355700","https://openalex.org/W2246071452","https://openalex.org/W2165970106","https://openalex.org/W1985785385","https://openalex.org/W1124398682","https://openalex.org/W4316660856","https://openalex.org/W2387071565","https://openalex.org/W3090249087"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,92],"electrical":[1],"power":[2],"grid":[3],"has":[4],"been":[5],"undergoing":[6],"improvements":[7],"to":[8,52,84,103],"turn":[9],"it":[10],"into":[11],"a":[12,117],"more":[13],"efficient":[14],"system":[15],"known":[16],"as":[17],"the":[18,28,34,37,70,96,99,110],"Smart":[19,29],"Grid.":[20],"A":[21,31],"key":[22],"element":[23],"in":[24,64,95,127],"this":[25],"upgrade":[26],"is":[27,50,77],"Meter.":[30],"compromise":[32],"on":[33,80],"cyber-security":[35],"of":[36,46,72,98,120],"smart":[38],"meter":[39],"would":[40,114],"have":[41,88],"far-reaching":[42],"effects":[43],"affecting":[44],"millions":[45],"users.":[47],"Effective":[48],"cryptography":[49],"needed":[51],"protect":[53],"it.":[54],"This":[55,112],"work":[56],"looks":[57],"at":[58],"how":[59],"secret":[60],"keys":[61,83,100,124],"for":[62,125],"use":[63,71,126],"encryption":[65],"can":[66],"be":[67,104,116],"generated":[68,82],"through":[69],"hash":[73],"functions.":[74],"An":[75],"analysis":[76],"carried":[78],"out":[79],"100":[81],"see":[85],"if":[86],"they":[87],"an":[89],"obvious":[90],"relationship.":[91],"average":[93],"difference":[94],"bits":[97],"were":[101],"found":[102],"49.578%":[105],"indicating":[106],"strong":[107],"independence":[108],"between":[109],"keys.":[111],"method":[113],"thus":[115],"good":[118],"approach":[119],"producing":[121],"128":[122],"bit":[123],"encryption.":[128]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
