{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3041952993","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/africon46755.2019.9133732","title":"Comparison of Multiobjective Optimal and Collocated 4G and 5G Small Cells Using Street Lampposts as Candidate Locations","display_name":"Comparison of Multiobjective Optimal and Collocated 4G and 5G Small Cells Using Street Lampposts as Candidate Locations","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3041952993","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/africon46755.2019.9133732","mag":"3041952993"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/africon46755.2019.9133732","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/africon46755.2019.9133732","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE AFRICON","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://research.aalto.fi/en/publications/f963ae2d-87f8-4d0e-911e-c805733b3445","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082443043","display_name":"Biruk E. Tegicho","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5535-8278"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210129636","display_name":"Addis Ababa Science and Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/02psd9228","country_code":"ET","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210129636"]}],"countries":["ET"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Biruk E. Tegicho","raw_affiliation_strings":["Addis Ababa Institute of Technology,Ethiopia","Addis Ababa Institute of Technology, Ethiopia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Addis Ababa Institute of Technology,Ethiopia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210129636"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Addis Ababa Institute of Technology, Ethiopia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210129636"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082678339","display_name":"Beneyam B. Haile","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2148-1048"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210129636","display_name":"Addis Ababa Science and Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/02psd9228","country_code":"ET","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210129636"]}],"countries":["ET"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Beneyam B. Haile","raw_affiliation_strings":["Addis Ababa Institute of Technology,Ethiopia","Addis Ababa Institute of Technology, Ethiopia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Addis Ababa Institute of Technology,Ethiopia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210129636"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Addis Ababa Institute of Technology, Ethiopia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210129636"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054944066","display_name":"Edward Mutafungwa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4413-5631"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9927081","display_name":"Aalto University","ror":"https://ror.org/020hwjq30","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edward Mutafungwa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aalto University,Department of Communications and Networking,Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aalto University,Department of Communications and Networking,Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051300130","display_name":"Jyri H\u00e4m\u00e4l\u00e4inen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3305-2961"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9927081","display_name":"Aalto University","ror":"https://ror.org/020hwjq30","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jyri H\u00e4m\u00e4l\u00e4inen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aalto University,Department of Communications and Networking,Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aalto University,Department of Communications and Networking,Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5082443043"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210129636"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3634,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.63794728,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11409","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Network Optimization","score":0.9868999719619751,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-topology","display_name":"Network topology","score":0.7900182008743286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7357721924781799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/small-cell","display_name":"Small cell","score":0.7150582075119019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cellular-network","display_name":"Cellular network","score":0.5497732758522034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5185349583625793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-planning-and-design","display_name":"Network planning and design","score":0.4886937439441681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-performance","display_name":"Network performance","score":0.45060938596725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.43267613649368286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terrain","display_name":"Terrain","score":0.41928917169570923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.4112415611743927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3887682855129242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.18599039316177368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.07941552996635437}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199845137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145490","display_name":"Network topology","level":2,"score":0.7900182008743286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7357721924781799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179655311","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7543020","display_name":"Small cell","level":3,"score":0.7150582075119019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153646914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535695","display_name":"Cellular network","level":2,"score":0.5497732758522034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5185349583625793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114563136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19725982","display_name":"Network planning and design","level":2,"score":0.4886937439441681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203274722","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7001161","display_name":"Network performance","level":2,"score":0.45060938596725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.43267613649368286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161840515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186131","display_name":"Terrain","level":2,"score":0.41928917169570923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.4112415611743927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3887682855129242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.18599039316177368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.07941552996635437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/africon46755.2019.9133732","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/africon46755.2019.9133732","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE AFRICON","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:aaltodoc.aalto.fi:123456789/46829","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.aalto.fi/en/publications/f963ae2d-87f8-4d0e-911e-c805733b3445","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401662","display_name":"Aaltodoc (Aalto University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I9927081","host_organization_name":"Aalto University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"acceptedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:aaltodoc.aalto.fi:123456789/46829","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.aalto.fi/en/publications/f963ae2d-87f8-4d0e-911e-c805733b3445","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401662","display_name":"Aaltodoc (Aalto University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I9927081","host_organization_name":"Aalto University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"acceptedVersion"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.46000000834465027,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1553373771","https://openalex.org/W2126105956","https://openalex.org/W2209955917","https://openalex.org/W2380760348","https://openalex.org/W2594525554","https://openalex.org/W3103659406"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4379620780","https://openalex.org/W2358123428","https://openalex.org/W2332935493","https://openalex.org/W2973731587","https://openalex.org/W2039858536","https://openalex.org/W2947543664","https://openalex.org/W4391128991","https://openalex.org/W2749928005","https://openalex.org/W4387880997","https://openalex.org/W2004877282"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0],"address":[1],"the":[2,62,67,152],"increasing":[3],"capacity":[4,49,164,196],"demand":[5],"due":[6,51],"to":[7,52,94,167,199],"adoption":[8],"of":[9,16,66,125,151,182],"data-intensive":[10],"services":[11],"and":[12,39,48,64,122,132,148,209,213],"broadband":[13],"devices,":[14],"densification":[15,74],"mobile":[17,37],"networks":[18,38],"by":[19,60,75,112],"small":[20,53,69,77,82,96,103,126,176,183,189],"cell":[21,54,70,83,97,127,177],"deployments":[22,55,98],"has":[23],"been":[24],"considered":[25],"as":[26],"one":[27],"key":[28],"systematic":[29],"solution":[30],"for":[31,99,120,130,173,187],"both":[32],"legacy":[33],"fourth":[34],"generation":[35,42],"(4G)":[36],"future":[40],"fifth":[41],"(5G)":[43],"network":[44,73,88,163],"upgrades..":[45],"The":[46],"cost-efficiency":[47],"gains":[50,165],"can":[56],"be":[57],"further":[58],"enhanced":[59],"optimizing":[61],"number":[63,181],"locations":[65],"dense":[68],"deployments.":[71,134],"With":[72],"4G":[76,100,131,168,200],"cells":[78,190],"imminent":[79],"while":[80],"5G":[81,102,133,158,170,204],"upgrades":[84],"envisioned,":[85],"an":[86],"interesting":[87],"planning":[89,118],"dilemma":[90,111],"emerges":[91],"on":[92],"whether":[93],"optimize":[95],"or":[101],"cells.":[104,184],"In":[105],"this":[106,110],"paper,":[107],"we":[108],"confront":[109],"utilizing":[113],"multiobjective":[114],"optimization":[115],"(MO)":[116],"based":[117],"approach":[119],"comparing":[121],"contrasting":[123],"performance":[124],"topologies":[128,178],"optimized":[129,159,169,201,205],"Propagation":[135],"computation":[136],"is":[137],"performed":[138],"using":[139],"deterministic":[140],"ray-tracing":[141],"dominant":[142],"path":[143],"model":[144],"over":[145],"a":[146],"building":[147],"terrain":[149],"map":[150],"deployment":[153],"scenario.":[154],"Results":[155],"show":[156],"that":[157],"scenario":[160,172],"provides":[161],"considerable":[162],"compared":[166],"co-location":[171],"different":[174],"optimal":[175],"with":[179],"same":[180],"For":[185],"instance,":[186],"31":[188],"topologies,":[191],"it":[192],"presents":[193,207],"21.5%":[194],"more":[195,211],"gain":[197],"relative":[198],"case.":[202],"Furthermore,":[203],"case":[206],"38%":[208],"5%":[210],"peak":[212],"cell-edge":[214],"user":[215],"throughput":[216],"gains,":[217],"respectively.":[218]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-02T15:55:50.835912","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}