{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2770106523","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/afrcon.2017.8095641","title":"Effects of fulgurites on the earthing system","display_name":"Effects of fulgurites on the earthing system","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2770106523","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/afrcon.2017.8095641","mag":"2770106523"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/afrcon.2017.8095641","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/afrcon.2017.8095641","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 IEEE AFRICON","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068297354","display_name":"Rembuluwani P. Tshubwana","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7217-6900"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137616099","display_name":"Tshwane University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037mrss42","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137616099"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24027795","display_name":"University of Johannesburg","ror":"https://ror.org/04z6c2n17","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24027795"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rembuluwani Phillip Tshubwana","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, South Africa","School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, University of Johannesburg, South Africa"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137616099"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, University of Johannesburg, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24027795"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069878254","display_name":"Thokozani Shongwe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3011-7600"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24027795","display_name":"University of Johannesburg","ror":"https://ror.org/04z6c2n17","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24027795"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thokozani Shongwe","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, University of Johannesburg, South Africa"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, University of Johannesburg, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24027795"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003897317","display_name":"Miidzo Hove","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Miidzo Hove","raw_affiliation_strings":["Benitar Investments CC, Namibia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Benitar Investments CC, Namibia","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5068297354"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137616099","https://openalex.org/I24027795"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.12400415,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1131","last_page":"1136"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10787","display_name":"Lightning and Electromagnetic Phenomena","score":0.9818000197410583,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10787","display_name":"Lightning and Electromagnetic Phenomena","score":0.9818000197410583,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13689","display_name":"Underground infrastructure and sustainability","score":0.9648000001907349,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ground","display_name":"Ground","score":0.9002476334571838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/earthing-system","display_name":"Earthing system","score":0.78058260679245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-impedance","display_name":"Electrical impedance","score":0.6920709609985352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-system","display_name":"Electric power system","score":0.5674650073051453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-impedance","display_name":"High impedance","score":0.5221760272979736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/impulse","display_name":"Impulse (physics)","score":0.5149570107460022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lightning-strike","display_name":"Lightning strike","score":0.45443716645240784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.45137184858322144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.44299840927124023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.3469662368297577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.3214329779148102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.10469165444374084}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168993435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6501125","display_name":"Ground","level":2,"score":0.9002476334571838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78779171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q432571","display_name":"Earthing system","level":3,"score":0.78058260679245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17829176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179043","display_name":"Electrical impedance","level":2,"score":0.6920709609985352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.5674650073051453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174268685","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q769127","display_name":"High impedance","level":3,"score":0.5221760272979736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70836080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837940","display_name":"Impulse (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5149570107460022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182236062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15120872","display_name":"Lightning strike","level":3,"score":0.45443716645240784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.45137184858322144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.44299840927124023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3469662368297577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.3214329779148102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.10469165444374084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/afrcon.2017.8095641","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/afrcon.2017.8095641","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 IEEE AFRICON","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life in Land"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1993920139","https://openalex.org/W2010014302","https://openalex.org/W2036909526","https://openalex.org/W2138935932","https://openalex.org/W2160723623"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W845380582","https://openalex.org/W2286425749","https://openalex.org/W2376699525","https://openalex.org/W2358720947","https://openalex.org/W2168397876","https://openalex.org/W2377233287","https://openalex.org/W3210724268","https://openalex.org/W2044290786","https://openalex.org/W2036219076","https://openalex.org/W2205574235"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"results":[3,94],"that":[4,99,142,165,194],"demonstrate":[5],"the":[6,11,37,45,70,74,77,82,85,88,100,104,109,115,152,177,197,201],"effects":[7],"of":[8,14,20,31,47,69,76,81,87,95,103,111,172,185,200],"fulgurites":[9,32,48],"on":[10,44,49],"earthing":[12,59,203],"system":[13,60,164],"a":[15,62,120,140,161,191],"power":[16,23,145],"system.":[17,204],"The":[18,52,79,93,182],"importance":[19],"grounding":[21,83,163],"in":[22,36,65,108],"systems":[24],"cannot":[25],"be":[26],"over":[27],"emphasized.":[28],"Although":[29],"studies":[30],"have":[33,160],"been":[34],"done":[35],"past,":[38],"no":[39],"research":[40,187],"work":[41,97],"has":[42],"reported":[43],"impact":[46],"electrical":[50],"grounding.":[51],"backfill":[53,105,192],"materials":[54],"used":[55],"to":[56,132,148,159,168,189],"enhance":[57],"an":[58],"play":[61],"pivotal":[63],"role":[64],"controlling":[66],"ground":[67],"impedance":[68,75,80,102],"soil":[71,116],"by":[72],"lowering":[73],"earth.":[78],"is":[84,139,156,166,188],"sum":[86],"static":[89,101],"and":[90,175],"dynamic":[91],"impedance.":[92],"this":[96,125,180,186],"show":[98],"material":[106,193],"increased":[107],"event":[110],"fulgurite":[112],"formation.":[113],"Regarding":[114],"sample":[117],"studied":[118],"from":[119],"Swaziland":[121,138],"11":[122],"kV":[123],"feeder,":[124],"occurred":[126],"for":[127,179],"lightning":[128],"impulse":[129],"currents":[130],"equal":[131],"or":[133],"greater":[134],"than":[135],"30":[136],"kA.":[137],"country":[141],"experiences":[143],"frequent":[144],"failures":[146],"due":[147],"lightning,":[149],"especially":[150],"during":[151],"rainy":[153],"season.":[154],"It":[155],"thus":[157],"essential":[158],"sound":[162],"able":[167],"withstand":[169],"all":[170],"types":[171],"fault":[173],"conditions":[174],"hence,":[176],"need":[178],"study.":[181],"long-term":[183],"aim":[184],"characterize":[190],"will":[195],"address":[196],"performance":[198],"requirements":[199],"network":[202]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
