{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2770508857","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/afrcon.2017.8095613","title":"Towards the development of a Culture Aware Reference Architecture for mobile technology: A tools and methodology perspective","display_name":"Towards the development of a Culture Aware Reference Architecture for mobile technology: A tools and methodology perspective","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2770508857","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/afrcon.2017.8095613","mag":"2770508857"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/afrcon.2017.8095613","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/afrcon.2017.8095613","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 IEEE AFRICON","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045465075","display_name":"Galamoyo Male","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800581689","display_name":"Botswana Accountancy College","ror":"https://ror.org/050nwww65","country_code":"BW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800581689"]}],"countries":["BW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Galamoyo Male","raw_affiliation_strings":["Botswana Accountancy College, School of Computing & Information Systems, Gaborone, Botswana"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Botswana Accountancy College, School of Computing & Information Systems, Gaborone, Botswana","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800581689"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028629287","display_name":"Ebrahim Shaghouei","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84027002","display_name":"Leeds Beckett University","ror":"https://ror.org/02xsh5r57","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84027002"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ebrahim Shaghouei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Art Environment and Technology, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Art Environment and Technology, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84027002"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040511525","display_name":"Colin Pattinson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9432-3924"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84027002","display_name":"Leeds Beckett University","ror":"https://ror.org/02xsh5r57","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84027002"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Colin Pattinson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Art Environment and Technology, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Art Environment and Technology, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84027002"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5045465075"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800581689"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.16141717,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":null,"first_page":"968","last_page":"973"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.9896000027656555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.9896000027656555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13155","display_name":"Digital Communication and Language","score":0.9569000005722046,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10679","display_name":"Service-Oriented Architecture and Web Services","score":0.9176999926567078,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7053495645523071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.6379645466804504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reference-architecture","display_name":"Reference architecture","score":0.5548362731933594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database-centric-architecture","display_name":"Database-centric architecture","score":0.5131605267524719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.4970910847187042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.49061885476112366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reference-model","display_name":"Reference model","score":0.4607333838939667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/applications-architecture","display_name":"Applications architecture","score":0.44702059030532837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-architecture","display_name":"Software architecture","score":0.4418230652809143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enterprise-architecture-framework","display_name":"Enterprise architecture framework","score":0.43086540699005127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.3717888295650482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.3410278558731079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1677544116973877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.11489707231521606}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7053495645523071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.6379645466804504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55356503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2136675","display_name":"Reference architecture","level":4,"score":0.5548362731933594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154240960","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2860294","display_name":"Database-centric architecture","level":5,"score":0.5131605267524719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.4970910847187042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.49061885476112366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150189527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q356674","display_name":"Reference model","level":2,"score":0.4607333838939667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41065761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193309","display_name":"Applications architecture","level":4,"score":0.44702059030532837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35869016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846636","display_name":"Software architecture","level":3,"score":0.4418230652809143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27591593","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4380897","display_name":"Enterprise architecture framework","level":4,"score":0.43086540699005127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.3717888295650482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.3410278558731079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1677544116973877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.11489707231521606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/afrcon.2017.8095613","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/afrcon.2017.8095613","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 IEEE AFRICON","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W645151075","https://openalex.org/W1566522594","https://openalex.org/W1742826621","https://openalex.org/W1837228079","https://openalex.org/W1976615861","https://openalex.org/W2105534355","https://openalex.org/W2109931613","https://openalex.org/W2133535394","https://openalex.org/W2151789396","https://openalex.org/W2503246543","https://openalex.org/W6633789854"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4238407057","https://openalex.org/W2976480616","https://openalex.org/W2902876962","https://openalex.org/W2342672932","https://openalex.org/W4226237158","https://openalex.org/W1559164516","https://openalex.org/W2384759267","https://openalex.org/W2353106314","https://openalex.org/W2372256883","https://openalex.org/W2108340160"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1,36],"focuses":[2],"on":[3,179],"culture":[4,27,33,82,96,201],"and":[5,51,59,89,132,191],"software":[6],"development":[7,14,131],"tools":[8,45,73,126],"issues":[9],"with":[10,84],"respect":[11],"to":[12,86,90],"the":[13,24,79,111,115,124,130,136,153,169,180,186,192,206],"of":[15,26,40,61,81,92,95,110,117,121,123,185,205],"a":[16,38,62,105,118,147],"proposed":[17,63,154,170],"Culture":[18,64],"Aware":[19,65],"Reference":[20,66],"Architecture":[21,67,149],"(CARA)":[22],"for":[23,68,135,152,167],"delivery":[25],"competent":[28],"mobile":[29,69],"oriented":[30],"solutions":[31],"through":[32,104],"awareness.":[34],"The":[35,140,157],"presents":[37],"discussion":[39],"selected":[41],"architectural":[42,55,173],"design":[43],"approaches,":[44],"or":[46,74,127],"methodologies":[47,75,128],"that":[48,101,107,113,175],"were":[49,176],"considered":[50],"applied":[52],"across":[53],"defined":[54],"levels":[56],"(structural,":[57],"functional":[58],"implementation)":[60],"technology":[70],"developments.":[71],"These":[72],"are":[76,138,208],"presented":[77,163],"in":[78,129,195],"context":[80],"models":[83],"reference":[85,155,171],"existing":[87],"literature":[88],"results":[91],"an":[93,197],"analysis":[94],"data.":[97],"That":[98],"is,":[99],"data":[100],"was":[102],"collected":[103],"survey":[106],"formed":[108],"part":[109],"research":[112],"informed":[114],"evolution":[116],"CARA.":[119],"Areas":[120],"application":[122],"identified":[125,145,177],"implementation":[133,203],"considerations":[134],"CARA":[137,207],"presented.":[139],"IEEE":[141,181],"1471-2000":[142,182],"standard":[143],"is":[144,161],"as":[146,164],"befitting":[148],"Description":[150],"Language":[151],"architecture.":[156],"4+1":[158],"View":[159,188],"Model":[160,187],"also":[162,209],"potential":[165],"methodology":[166],"describing":[168],"model":[172,204],"views":[174],"based":[178,199],"standard.":[183],"Applications":[184],"Controller":[189],"(MVC)":[190],"Proxy":[193],"patterns":[194],"designing":[196],"Agent":[198],"dynamic":[200],"aware":[202],"briefly":[210],"discussed.":[211]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}