{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2962928421","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/afrcon.2013.6757830","title":"Radio astronomy transformed: Aperture arrays &amp;#x2014; Past, present and future","display_name":"Radio astronomy transformed: Aperture arrays &amp;#x2014; Past, present and future","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2962928421","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/afrcon.2013.6757830","mag":"2962928421"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/afrcon.2013.6757830","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/afrcon.2013.6757830","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 Africon","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001110573","display_name":"M. A. Garrett","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6714-9043"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I922237871","display_name":"Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy","ror":"https://ror.org/000k1q888","country_code":"NL","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800991832","https://openalex.org/I922237871"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Michael A. Garrett","raw_affiliation_strings":["Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON), AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON), AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I922237871"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5001110573"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I922237871"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2129,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70112936,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12450","display_name":"Radio Astronomy Observations and Technology","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12450","display_name":"Radio Astronomy Observations and Technology","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11946","display_name":"Antenna Design and Optimization","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.9677000045776367,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jansky","display_name":"Jansky","score":0.9232231378555298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aperture","display_name":"Aperture (computer memory)","score":0.705546498298645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-astronomy","display_name":"Radio astronomy","score":0.6752169132232666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sky","display_name":"Sky","score":0.602543830871582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.4466950595378876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.4296976327896118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.41939249634742737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.41291874647140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/astronomy","display_name":"Astronomy","score":0.30987781286239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.23347947001457214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/galaxy","display_name":"Galaxy","score":0.09198194742202759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.09024828672409058}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4032939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434381","display_name":"Jansky","level":4,"score":0.9232231378555298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78336883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4779385","display_name":"Aperture (computer memory)","level":2,"score":0.705546498298645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150143219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4306","display_name":"Radio astronomy","level":2,"score":0.6752169132232666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73329638","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q527","display_name":"Sky","level":2,"score":0.602543830871582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.4466950595378876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.4296976327896118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.41939249634742737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.41291874647140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.30987781286239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.23347947001457214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98444146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q318","display_name":"Galaxy","level":2,"score":0.09198194742202759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.09024828672409058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20249676","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217012","display_name":"Radio galaxy","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/afrcon.2013.6757830","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/afrcon.2013.6757830","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 Africon","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1630117096","https://openalex.org/W1991499430","https://openalex.org/W2019612936","https://openalex.org/W2074115437","https://openalex.org/W2093498227","https://openalex.org/W2117295707","https://openalex.org/W2158928765","https://openalex.org/W2595938165","https://openalex.org/W2597006581","https://openalex.org/W2792801889","https://openalex.org/W2983285876","https://openalex.org/W3034713470","https://openalex.org/W3036912796","https://openalex.org/W3098381681","https://openalex.org/W6655561379"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2497513744","https://openalex.org/W2745287333","https://openalex.org/W4255206915","https://openalex.org/W2991688558","https://openalex.org/W2950219088","https://openalex.org/W2063013519","https://openalex.org/W1967945517","https://openalex.org/W3102913317","https://openalex.org/W4230662821","https://openalex.org/W2027970027"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Aperture":[0,213],"Arrays":[1,214],"have":[2,133],"played":[3],"a":[4,59,137,227],"major":[5,60],"role":[6],"in":[7,25,46,62,75,116,140],"radio":[8,81],"astronomy":[9,68],"since":[10],"the":[11,15,26,39,47,54,77,80,84,99,105,108,141,189,200,231],"field":[12],"emerged":[13],"from":[14],"results":[16],"of":[17,31,65,79,86,107,143,154,218,230],"long-distance":[18],"communication":[19],"tests":[20],"performed":[21],"by":[22],"Karl":[23],"Jansky":[24],"early":[27,90],"1930's.":[28],"The":[29],"roots":[30],"this":[32],"technology":[33],"extend":[34],"back":[35],"beyond":[36],"Marconi,":[37],"although":[38],"first":[40],"electronically":[41,186],"scanned":[42],"instrument":[43],"only":[44],"appeared":[45],"run-up":[48],"to":[49,136,194,204,209,220,225],"World":[50],"War":[51],"II.":[52],"After":[53],"war,":[55],"phased":[56],"arrays":[57,97,145,164],"had":[58],"impact":[61],"many":[63],"walks":[64],"life,":[66],"including":[67,83],"and":[69,101,127,185],"astrophysics.":[70],"Major":[71],"progress":[72],"was":[73],"made":[74],"understanding":[76],"nature":[78],"sky,":[82],"discovery":[85],"Pulsars.":[87],"Despite":[88],"these":[89,197,206],"successes,":[91],"parabolic":[92],"dishes":[93],"largely":[94],"replaced":[95],"aperture":[96,144,163],"through":[98],"1960's,":[100],"right":[102],"up":[103,219],"until":[104],"end":[106],"20":[109],"<sup":[110],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[111],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">th</sup>":[112],"century.":[113],"Technological":[114],"advances":[115],"areas":[117,168],"such":[118],"as":[119],"signal":[120],"processing,":[121],"digital":[122],"electronics,":[123],"low-power/high":[124],"performance":[125],"super-computing":[126],"large":[128],"capacity":[129],"data":[130],"storage":[131],"systems":[132,207],"recently":[134],"led":[135],"substantial":[138,228],"revival":[139],"use":[142],"-":[146],"especially":[147],"at":[148,172,216],"frequencies":[149,217],"below":[150],"300":[151],"MHz.":[152],"Composed":[153],"simple":[155],"antennas":[156],"with":[157,165,196],"commercially":[158],"available":[159],"low-noise":[160],"room-temperature":[161],"amplifiers,":[162],"huge":[166],"collecting":[167],"can":[169,181],"be":[170,182],"synthesized":[171],"relatively":[173],"low":[174],"cost.":[175],"Multiple":[176],"beams":[177],"(or":[178],"multiple":[179],"fields-of-view)":[180],"rapidly":[183],"formed":[184],"steered":[187],"across":[188],"sky.":[190],"As":[191],"astronomers":[192],"begin":[193],"grapple":[195],"new":[198],"possibilities,":[199],"next":[201],"goal":[202],"is":[203],"see":[205],"move":[208],"higher":[210],"GHz":[211,222],"frequencies.":[212],"operating":[215],"1.7":[221],"are":[223],"expected":[224],"form":[226],"part":[229],"Square":[232],"Kilometre":[233],"Array":[234],"(SKA).":[235]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
