{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2058554269","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/afrcon.2013.6757637","title":"Analog signal acquisition and transmission within extremely low and very low frequency bands (ELF and VLF)","display_name":"Analog signal acquisition and transmission within extremely low and very low frequency bands (ELF and VLF)","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2058554269","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/afrcon.2013.6757637","mag":"2058554269"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/afrcon.2013.6757637","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/afrcon.2013.6757637","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 Africon","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048873194","display_name":"R. Rangata","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24027795","display_name":"University of Johannesburg","ror":"https://ror.org/04z6c2n17","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24027795"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"R. Rangata","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Science, University of Johannesburg, South Africa","Dept. of Electr. & Electron. Eng. Sci., Univ. of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Science, University of Johannesburg, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24027795"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. & Electron. Eng. Sci., Univ. of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24027795"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108044434","display_name":"Khmaies Ouahada","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0718-5629"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24027795","display_name":"University of Johannesburg","ror":"https://ror.org/04z6c2n17","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24027795"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. Ouahada","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Science, University of Johannesburg, South Africa","Dept. of Electr. & Electron. Eng. Sci., Univ. of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Science, University of Johannesburg, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24027795"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. & Electron. Eng. Sci., Univ. of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24027795"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110040663","display_name":"Suvendi Chinnappen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24027795","display_name":"University of Johannesburg","ror":"https://ror.org/04z6c2n17","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24027795"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Chinnappen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Science, University of Johannesburg, South Africa","Dept. of Electr. & Electron. Eng. Sci., Univ. of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Science, University of Johannesburg, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24027795"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. & Electron. Eng. Sci., Univ. of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24027795"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5048873194"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24027795"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.13437053,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11602","display_name":"Magnetic Bearings and Levitation Dynamics","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11602","display_name":"Magnetic Bearings and Levitation Dynamics","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12564","display_name":"Sensor Technology and Measurement Systems","score":0.9632999897003174,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12699","display_name":"Electromagnetic Launch and Propulsion Technology","score":0.9154000282287598,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demodulation","display_name":"Demodulation","score":0.8728485703468323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/analog-transmission","display_name":"Analog transmission","score":0.6849569082260132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.6680276393890381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-modulation","display_name":"Frequency modulation","score":0.6116993427276611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation","display_name":"Modulation (music)","score":0.600699245929718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/analog-signal","display_name":"Analog signal","score":0.5818213224411011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.5594616532325745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.5242193937301636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5175597071647644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sideband","display_name":"Sideband","score":0.5049989819526672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-transmission","display_name":"Data transmission","score":0.48942437767982483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amplitude-modulation","display_name":"Amplitude modulation","score":0.4770975708961487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-defined-radio","display_name":"Software-defined radio","score":0.41951000690460205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.390810489654541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3534127473831177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2693948745727539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.26878732442855835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-frequency","display_name":"Radio frequency","score":0.2516267001628876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.20979616045951843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.18836641311645508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.07122847437858582}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195251586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1185939","display_name":"Demodulation","level":3,"score":0.8728485703468323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22676131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4751065","display_name":"Analog transmission","level":4,"score":0.6849569082260132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.6680276393890381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11930861","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181417","display_name":"Frequency modulation","level":3,"score":0.6116993427276611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.600699245929718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13412647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174948","display_name":"Analog signal","level":3,"score":0.5818213224411011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5594616532325745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.5242193937301636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5175597071647644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776499502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2267009","display_name":"Sideband","level":3,"score":0.5049989819526672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C557945733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q389772","display_name":"Data transmission","level":2,"score":0.48942437767982483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201905106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183755","display_name":"Amplitude modulation","level":4,"score":0.4770975708961487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171115542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1331892","display_name":"Software-defined radio","level":2,"score":0.41951000690460205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.390810489654541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3534127473831177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2693948745727539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.26878732442855835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74064498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3396184","display_name":"Radio frequency","level":2,"score":0.2516267001628876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.20979616045951843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.18836641311645508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.07122847437858582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/afrcon.2013.6757637","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/afrcon.2013.6757637","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 Africon","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","display_name":"National Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05s0g1g46"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W289422824","https://openalex.org/W587576532","https://openalex.org/W604579479","https://openalex.org/W630380238","https://openalex.org/W1488052301","https://openalex.org/W1647572132","https://openalex.org/W1982686915","https://openalex.org/W2047301883","https://openalex.org/W2204034816","https://openalex.org/W2489327608","https://openalex.org/W2566190334","https://openalex.org/W2884202111","https://openalex.org/W2996062940","https://openalex.org/W4206037913","https://openalex.org/W4244932153","https://openalex.org/W4245729444","https://openalex.org/W4249341225"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2499433404","https://openalex.org/W4235657637","https://openalex.org/W2003931752","https://openalex.org/W2360841575","https://openalex.org/W2065370401","https://openalex.org/W2076462400","https://openalex.org/W2130944956","https://openalex.org/W2038062095","https://openalex.org/W2076374230","https://openalex.org/W2169415245"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,31,52,96,112,142],"paper":[1,118],"looks":[2],"at":[3],"the":[4,16,28,47,64,67,87,92,100],"design":[5],"and":[6,12,21,42,49,72,74,82,105,109,132,146],"implementation":[7],"of":[8,27,59,63,66,94,102,122,144],"analog":[9,68,103,159],"signal":[10,69],"acquisition":[11,101,121,156],"transmission":[13,35,60,73,106,150],"system":[14,36],"within":[15,46],"Extremely":[17],"Low":[18,23],"Frequency":[19,24],"(ELF)":[20],"Very":[22],"(VLF)":[25],"bands":[26,148],"electromagnetic":[29],"spectrum.":[30],"study":[32,97],"presents":[33],"a":[34],"which":[37],"employs":[38],"hardware":[39],"for":[40,44,57,149,158],"modulation":[41,71],"software":[43,79],"demodulation,":[45],"ELF":[48,145],"VLF":[50,147],"bands.":[51],"Fourier":[53],"transform":[54],"is":[55],"used":[56],"verification":[58],"by":[61],"analysis":[62],"spectrum":[65],"before":[70],"after":[75],"demodulation.":[76],"Demodulation":[77],"using":[78,133],"does":[80],"work":[81],"its":[83],"usage":[84],"can":[85],"reduce":[86],"complexity":[88],"that":[89],"comes":[90],"with":[91],"use":[93,143],"hardware.":[95],"focuses":[98],"on":[99,120],"signals":[104],"through":[107,127],"wired":[108],"wireless":[110],"environments.":[111],"results":[113],"as":[114],"presented":[115],"in":[116],"this":[117],"focused":[119],"vibrations":[123],"signals,":[124],"transmitted":[125],"wirelessly":[126],"very":[128],"short":[129],"communication":[130],"waveguide,":[131],"Amplitude":[134],"Modulation":[135],"Double":[136],"Sideband":[137],"Large":[138],"Carrier,":[139],"(AM":[140],"DSB-LC).":[141],"allows":[151],"opportunity":[152],"to":[153],"develop":[154],"affordable":[155],"devices":[157],"signals.":[160]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
