{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2049495896","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/afrcon.2011.6072006","title":"Path reduction factor modeling for terrestrial links based on rain cell growth","display_name":"Path reduction factor modeling for terrestrial links based on rain cell growth","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2049495896","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/afrcon.2011.6072006","mag":"2049495896"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/afrcon.2011.6072006","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/afrcon.2011.6072006","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Africon '11","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018503035","display_name":"Peter O. Akuon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7868-9288"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95023434","display_name":"University of KwaZulu-Natal","ror":"https://ror.org/04qzfn040","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"P. O. Akuon","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa","School of Electrical, Electronic & Computer Engineering, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical, Electronic & Computer Engineering, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047089710","display_name":"Thomas J. Afullo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2710-4577"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95023434","display_name":"University of KwaZulu-Natal","ror":"https://ror.org/04qzfn040","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. J. O. Afullo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa","School of Electrical, Electronic & Computer Engineering, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical, Electronic & Computer Engineering, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5018503035"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1389,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78827904,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"92","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11234","display_name":"Precipitation Measurement and Analysis","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11234","display_name":"Precipitation Measurement and Analysis","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13121","display_name":"Radio Wave Propagation Studies","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attenuation","display_name":"Attenuation","score":0.8978066444396973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/path","display_name":"Path (computing)","score":0.6630076169967651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reduction","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","score":0.6562334895133972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/path-analysis","display_name":"Path analysis (statistics)","score":0.5028559565544128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.45856913924217224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.4332980215549469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.37666207551956177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3196844458580017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.15431585907936096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.07560837268829346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.0726519525051117}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184652730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2357982","display_name":"Attenuation","level":2,"score":0.8978066444396973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777735758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q817765","display_name":"Path (computing)","level":2,"score":0.6630076169967651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.6562334895133972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82793941","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1046024","display_name":"Path analysis (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.5028559565544128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.45856913924217224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.4332980215549469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.37666207551956177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3196844458580017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.15431585907936096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.07560837268829346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0726519525051117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/afrcon.2011.6072006","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/afrcon.2011.6072006","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Africon '11","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life in Land","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":0.5699999928474426}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1885345496","https://openalex.org/W1971990619","https://openalex.org/W1985812138","https://openalex.org/W2013068755","https://openalex.org/W2023184996","https://openalex.org/W2025973355","https://openalex.org/W2026671659","https://openalex.org/W2046400703","https://openalex.org/W2080554306","https://openalex.org/W2125684019","https://openalex.org/W2151703109","https://openalex.org/W2173300545","https://openalex.org/W2537361963","https://openalex.org/W2588765401","https://openalex.org/W6733724096","https://openalex.org/W7015372903"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2062605435","https://openalex.org/W2273182195","https://openalex.org/W2186374051","https://openalex.org/W2059332403","https://openalex.org/W2767089762","https://openalex.org/W2377963109","https://openalex.org/W2022279172","https://openalex.org/W2352247021","https://openalex.org/W2145835458","https://openalex.org/W1726705939"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"new":[1,46],"path":[2,20],"length":[3],"reduction":[4],"factor":[5,47],"that":[6,38,110],"accounts":[7],"for":[8,87,131],"the":[9,33,88,93,111,117,121,136],"growth":[10],"and":[11,35,80],"occurrence":[12],"of":[13,21,92],"multiple":[14],"rain":[15,132],"cells":[16],"along":[17],"a":[18,22,66,128],"propagation":[19],"given":[23],"terrestrial":[24,69,122],"link":[25,70,123],"is":[26,52,96,108],"introduced":[27],"in":[28,74,120,135],"this":[29,45],"work.":[30],"In":[31],"addition,":[32],"mathematical":[34],"empirical":[36],"derivations":[37],"were":[39],"used":[40],"to":[41,57],"come":[42],"up":[43],"with":[44],"are":[48,84],"outlined.":[49],"This":[50],"model":[51,113,119,130],"investigated":[53],"by":[54,61,100],"comparing":[55],"it":[56,126],"other":[58],"well-known":[59],"models":[60,95],"utilizing":[62],"attenuation":[63,82,103,133],"statistics":[64],"from":[65],"19.5":[67],"GHz":[68],"experiment":[71],"carried":[72,98],"out":[73,99],"Durban,":[75],"South":[76],"Africa.":[77],"The":[78],"predicted":[79],"measured":[81],"values":[83],"then":[85,97],"compared":[86],"three":[89,94],"models.":[90],"Evaluation":[91],"calculating":[101],"their":[102],"percentage":[104],"error":[105],"values.":[106],"It":[107],"seen":[109],"proposed":[112],"performs":[114],"well":[115],"over":[116],"ITU-R":[118],"thus":[124],"validating":[125],"as":[127],"good":[129],"predictions":[134],"Southern":[137],"Africa":[138],"region.":[139]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}