{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2026513464","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/afrcon.2011.6071962","title":"Integrated conformal four-beam antenna array with wide angular coverage fed by compact 4&amp;#x00D7;4 Butler matrix","display_name":"Integrated conformal four-beam antenna array with wide angular coverage fed by compact 4&amp;#x00D7;4 Butler matrix","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2026513464","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/afrcon.2011.6071962","mag":"2026513464"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/afrcon.2011.6071962","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/afrcon.2011.6071962","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Africon '11","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089968100","display_name":"Krzysztof Wincza","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4471-7842"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I686019","display_name":"AGH University of Krakow","ror":"https://ror.org/00bas1c41","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I686019"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Krzysztof Wincza","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering Automatics, IT and Electronics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Krakow, Cracow, Poland","Department of Electronics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering Automatics, IT and Electronics, AGH University of Science and Technology 30-059 Cracow, Poland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering Automatics, IT and Electronics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Krakow, Cracow, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I686019"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering Automatics, IT and Electronics, AGH University of Science and Technology 30-059 Cracow, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I686019"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000129570","display_name":"S\u0142awomir Gruszczy\u0144ski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0370-8640"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I686019","display_name":"AGH University of Krakow","ror":"https://ror.org/00bas1c41","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I686019"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Slawomir Gruszczynski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering Automatics, IT and Electronics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Krakow, Cracow, Poland","Department of Electronics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering Automatics, IT and Electronics, AGH University of Science and Technology 30-059 Cracow, Poland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering Automatics, IT and Electronics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Krakow, Cracow, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I686019"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering Automatics, IT and Electronics, AGH University of Science and Technology 30-059 Cracow, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I686019"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5089968100"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I686019"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7118,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86079607,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11946","display_name":"Antenna Design and Optimization","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conformal-antenna","display_name":"Conformal antenna","score":0.702338695526123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microstrip-antenna","display_name":"Microstrip antenna","score":0.632187008857727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.5458666086196899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coaxial-antenna","display_name":"Coaxial antenna","score":0.5141868591308594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna-measurement","display_name":"Antenna measurement","score":0.4989609718322754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna-array","display_name":"Antenna array","score":0.4921557307243347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.4733293652534485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/folded-inverted-conformal-antenna","display_name":"Folded inverted conformal antenna","score":0.4338366985321045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.42170020937919617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3235599994659424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.26426392793655396}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182697305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5160244","display_name":"Conformal antenna","level":5,"score":0.702338695526123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170349913","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13402882","display_name":"Microstrip antenna","level":3,"score":0.632187008857727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.5458666086196899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93130614","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5138671","display_name":"Coaxial antenna","level":4,"score":0.5141868591308594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158616128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4771260","display_name":"Antenna measurement","level":3,"score":0.4989609718322754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62191587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4771249","display_name":"Antenna array","level":3,"score":0.4921557307243347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.4733293652534485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113943052","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5464275","display_name":"Folded inverted conformal antenna","level":5,"score":0.4338366985321045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.42170020937919617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3235599994659424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.26426392793655396}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/afrcon.2011.6071962","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/afrcon.2011.6071962","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Africon '11","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1992527571","https://openalex.org/W2047205970","https://openalex.org/W2060870062","https://openalex.org/W2089042711","https://openalex.org/W2100456944","https://openalex.org/W2147405679","https://openalex.org/W2290478327","https://openalex.org/W6696930947"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W205149449","https://openalex.org/W1567598935","https://openalex.org/W2139367805","https://openalex.org/W2120586933","https://openalex.org/W2898725560","https://openalex.org/W2102354578","https://openalex.org/W2030431039","https://openalex.org/W2980739578","https://openalex.org/W2352072447","https://openalex.org/W2949882625"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,12],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"the":[3,41,64,71,85,88],"design":[4,16],"of":[5,63,87],"an":[6,17],"integrated":[7,18,96,130],"conformal":[8,19,44,98],"four-beam":[9,52,97],"antenna":[10,21,45,54,65,89,100],"array.":[11,55],"goal":[13],"was":[14,38],"to":[15,26,50],"multibeam":[20,43,99],"array":[22,66,101],"that":[23,40],"is":[24],"capable":[25],"generate":[27],"four":[28],"independent":[29],"beams":[30],"which":[31,76,114],"ensure":[32],"wide":[33],"angular":[34],"coverage.":[35],"Moreover,":[36],"it":[37],"desirable":[39],"designed":[42,102],"featured":[46],"sidelobe":[47],"level":[48],"comparable":[49],"a":[51,59,104,115,124],"planar":[53],"To":[56],"achieve":[57],"that,":[58],"relatively":[60],"small":[61],"radius":[62],"has":[67,91,108],"been":[68,92,109,129],"selected,":[69],"and":[70,111,123],"phase":[72,78,121],"compensation":[73],"technique,":[74],"in":[75,81,103,113],"additional":[77,120],"delays":[79],"introduced":[80],"outer":[82],"channels":[83],"compensate":[84],"curvature":[86],"structure,":[90],"applied.":[93],"A":[94],"fully":[95],"multilayer":[105,126],"microstrip":[106],"technology":[107],"manufactured":[110],"measured,":[112],"compact":[116],"4\u00d74":[117],"Butler":[118],"matrix,":[119],"shifters":[122],"compensated":[125],"crossover":[127],"have":[128],"constituting":[131],"its":[132],"feeding":[133],"network.":[134]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
