{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2539171194","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/afgr.2008.4813427","title":"Robust facial expression recognition based on 3-d supported feature extraction and SVM classification","display_name":"Robust facial expression recognition based on 3-d supported feature extraction and SVM classification","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2539171194","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/afgr.2008.4813427","mag":"2539171194"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/afgr.2008.4813427","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/afgr.2008.4813427","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2008 8th IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face & Gesture Recognition","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008843030","display_name":"Robert Niese","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95793202","display_name":"Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg","ror":"https://ror.org/00ggpsq73","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95793202"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Robert Niese","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Electronics, Signal Processing and Communications (IESK), Otto-von-Guericke University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Electronics, Signal Processing and Communications (IESK), Otto-von-Guericke University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95793202"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033366160","display_name":"Ayoub Al-Hamadi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3632-2402"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95793202","display_name":"Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg","ror":"https://ror.org/00ggpsq73","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95793202"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ayoub Al-Hamadi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Electronics, Signal Processing and Communications (IESK), Otto-von-Guericke University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Electronics, Signal Processing and Communications (IESK), Otto-von-Guericke University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95793202"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025134114","display_name":"Faisal Aziz","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95793202","display_name":"Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg","ror":"https://ror.org/00ggpsq73","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95793202"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Faisal Aziz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Electronics, Signal Processing and Communications (IESK), Otto-von-Guericke University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Electronics, Signal Processing and Communications (IESK), Otto-von-Guericke University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95793202"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047423779","display_name":"Bernd Michaelis","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95793202","display_name":"Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg","ror":"https://ror.org/00ggpsq73","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95793202"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bernd Michaelis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Electronics, Signal Processing and Communications (IESK), Otto-von-Guericke University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Electronics, Signal Processing and Communications (IESK), Otto-von-Guericke University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95793202"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5008843030"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95793202"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0535,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81771695,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11398","display_name":"Hand Gesture Recognition Systems","score":0.9940000176429749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.815276563167572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.7562755346298218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7398042678833008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normalization","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","score":0.711117148399353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.6921494007110596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.6863963007926941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6668509244918823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-expression","display_name":"Facial expression","score":0.6601073145866394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5746567845344543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/three-dimensional-face-recognition","display_name":"Three-dimensional face recognition","score":0.4621726870536804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.4532018303871155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-vector","display_name":"Feature vector","score":0.4403837025165558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.42249301075935364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face-detection","display_name":"Face detection","score":0.3451511859893799}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.815276563167572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.7562755346298218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7398042678833008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136886441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q926129","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","level":2,"score":0.711117148399353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6921494007110596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.6863963007926941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6668509244918823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195704467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327968","display_name":"Facial expression","level":2,"score":0.6601073145866394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5746567845344543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88799230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3398329","display_name":"Three-dimensional face recognition","level":5,"score":0.4621726870536804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.4532018303871155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83665646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42139305","display_name":"Feature vector","level":2,"score":0.4403837025165558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.42249301075935364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4641261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11681085","display_name":"Face detection","level":4,"score":0.3451511859893799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/afgr.2008.4813427","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/afgr.2008.4813427","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2008 8th IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face & Gesture Recognition","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321114","display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","ror":"https://ror.org/04pz7b180"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W228062859","https://openalex.org/W595703008","https://openalex.org/W1484777458","https://openalex.org/W1494234915","https://openalex.org/W1496317909","https://openalex.org/W1509031088","https://openalex.org/W1510526001","https://openalex.org/W1528620860","https://openalex.org/W1563088657","https://openalex.org/W1578352865","https://openalex.org/W1852351459","https://openalex.org/W2009189538","https://openalex.org/W2022068631","https://openalex.org/W2075688085","https://openalex.org/W2097569876","https://openalex.org/W2101965618","https://openalex.org/W2103568877","https://openalex.org/W2117219015","https://openalex.org/W2118877769","https://openalex.org/W2127462305","https://openalex.org/W2130684315","https://openalex.org/W2134407776","https://openalex.org/W2153635508","https://openalex.org/W2154716422","https://openalex.org/W2162238004","https://openalex.org/W2164598857","https://openalex.org/W2237250383","https://openalex.org/W2319794630","https://openalex.org/W3021524883","https://openalex.org/W4205392983","https://openalex.org/W4230355477","https://openalex.org/W4251036056","https://openalex.org/W6629519362","https://openalex.org/W6629773288","https://openalex.org/W6630424276"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2166031825","https://openalex.org/W2918845005","https://openalex.org/W2040482211","https://openalex.org/W2058325696","https://openalex.org/W2185537520","https://openalex.org/W325114128","https://openalex.org/W4285815683","https://openalex.org/W2336272890","https://openalex.org/W4312238398","https://openalex.org/W4308999963"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Facial":[0],"expression":[1,22,101,109],"recognition":[2,23],"is":[3,77,84],"an":[4],"imperative":[5],"task":[6],"in":[7,24,47],"human":[8],"computer":[9],"interaction":[10],"systems.":[11],"In":[12],"this":[13],"work":[14],"we":[15,49,94],"propose":[16],"a":[17,40,44,52,96,113,133],"new":[18],"system":[19,28],"for":[20],"automatic":[21],"video":[25],"sequences.":[26],"Our":[27,103],"uses":[29],"color":[30],"information":[31],"to":[32,63,70],"extract":[33],"the":[34,72,87,127],"facial":[35],"features.":[36],"Additionally,":[37],"it":[38],"includes":[39],"camera":[41],"model":[42,56],"and":[43,69,80,107,122],"registration":[45],"step,":[46],"which":[48],"automatically":[50],"build":[51,71],"person":[53],"specific":[54],"face":[55,124],"from":[57],"stereo.":[58],"Photogrammetric":[59],"techniques":[60],"are":[61],"applied":[62],"determine":[64],"real":[65],"world":[66],"geometric":[67],"measures":[68],"feature":[73,89],"vector.":[74,90],"Feature":[75],"normalization":[76],"carried":[78],"out":[79],"support":[81],"vector":[82],"machine":[83],"trained":[85],"over":[86],"normalized":[88],"Using":[91],"SVM":[92],"classification":[93,110],"reach":[95],"minimal":[97],"mixing":[98],"between":[99],"different":[100],"classes.":[102],"framework":[104],"achieves":[105],"robust":[106],"superior":[108],"results":[111],"across":[112,132],"variety":[114,134],"of":[115,135],"head":[116],"poses":[117],"with":[118],"resulting":[119],"perspective":[120],"foreshortening":[121],"changing":[123],"size.":[125],"Moreover,":[126],"method":[128],"has":[129],"shown":[130],"robustness":[131],"skin":[136],"colors":[137],"while":[138],"reaching":[139],"high":[140],"performance.":[141]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}