{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2043583263","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/afgr.2008.4813418","title":"Face recognition and alignment using support vector machines","display_name":"Face recognition and alignment using support vector machines","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2043583263","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/afgr.2008.4813418","mag":"2043583263"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/afgr.2008.4813418","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/afgr.2008.4813418","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2008 8th IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face &amp; Gesture Recognition","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033576616","display_name":"Antony Lam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7589-9303"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103635307","display_name":"University of California, Riverside","ror":"https://ror.org/03nawhv43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Antony Lam","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Riverside, USA","University of California, Riverside CA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Riverside, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Riverside CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091230938","display_name":"Christian R. Shelton","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6698-7838"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103635307","display_name":"University of California, Riverside","ror":"https://ror.org/03nawhv43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christian R. Shelton","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Riverside, USA","University of California, Riverside CA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Riverside, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Riverside CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5033576616"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7024,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7269127,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9896000027656555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.8603046536445618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7736139297485352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.7499748468399048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7384575009346008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6263701319694519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.6189965605735779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simple","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","score":0.4956918954849243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.417688250541687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face-detection","display_name":"Face detection","score":0.41351810097694397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4051358997821808}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.8603046536445618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7736139297485352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.7499748468399048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7384575009346008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6263701319694519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.6189965605735779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4956918954849243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.417688250541687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4641261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11681085","display_name":"Face detection","level":4,"score":0.41351810097694397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4051358997821808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/afgr.2008.4813418","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/afgr.2008.4813418","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2008 8th IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face &amp; Gesture Recognition","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1989702938","https://openalex.org/W2006793117","https://openalex.org/W2025201850","https://openalex.org/W2087347434","https://openalex.org/W2108767394","https://openalex.org/W2118312744","https://openalex.org/W2127661044","https://openalex.org/W2131518659","https://openalex.org/W2137695006","https://openalex.org/W2138451337","https://openalex.org/W2148578247","https://openalex.org/W2160096928","https://openalex.org/W2160126058","https://openalex.org/W2164598857","https://openalex.org/W2170960656","https://openalex.org/W2171193910","https://openalex.org/W2616465717","https://openalex.org/W6679135890"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1967587236","https://openalex.org/W2384651879","https://openalex.org/W2336272890","https://openalex.org/W2151699605","https://openalex.org/W4308999381","https://openalex.org/W4312238398","https://openalex.org/W3211418293","https://openalex.org/W4308999963","https://openalex.org/W2133653344","https://openalex.org/W4312081214"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Face":[0],"recognition":[1],"in":[2,17,47,63],"the":[3,24,38,45,76,82],"presence":[4],"of":[5,23,44,61,75,84],"pose":[6,14],"changes":[7],"remains":[8],"a":[9,29,53],"largely":[10],"unsolved":[11],"problem.":[12],"Severe":[13],"changes,":[15],"resulting":[16],"dramatically":[18],"different":[19,48],"appearances,":[20],"is":[21],"one":[22],"main":[25],"difficulties.":[26],"We":[27,66],"present":[28,68],"support":[30],"vector":[31],"machine":[32],"(SVM)":[33],"based":[34,56],"system":[35,57],"that":[36],"learns":[37],"relations":[39],"between":[40],"corresponding":[41],"local":[42],"regions":[43],"face":[46],"poses":[49],"as":[50,52],"well":[51],"simple":[54],"SVM":[55],"for":[58],"automatic":[59],"alignment":[60],"faces":[62],"differing":[64],"poses.":[65],"then":[67],"experimental":[69],"results":[70],"from":[71],"multiple":[72],"random":[73],"splits":[74],"CMU":[77],"PIE":[78],"Database":[79],"to":[80],"verify":[81],"strength":[83],"our":[85],"approach.":[86]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
