{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2532594835","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/afgr.2008.4813379","title":"Local features based facial expression recognition with face registration errors","display_name":"Local features based facial expression recognition with face registration errors","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2532594835","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/afgr.2008.4813379","mag":"2532594835"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/afgr.2008.4813379","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/afgr.2008.4813379","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2008 8th IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face & Gesture Recognition","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002702823","display_name":"Tommaso Gritti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5473-6070"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122849","display_name":"Philips (Netherlands)","ror":"https://ror.org/02p2bgp27","country_code":"NL","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122849"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tommaso Gritti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Philips Research Eindhoven, Eindhoven, Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Philips Research Eindhoven, Eindhoven, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122849"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055478558","display_name":"Caifeng Shan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2131-1671"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122849","display_name":"Philips (Netherlands)","ror":"https://ror.org/02p2bgp27","country_code":"NL","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122849"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Caifeng Shan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Philips Research Eindhoven, Eindhoven, Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Philips Research Eindhoven, Eindhoven, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122849"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085684605","display_name":"Vincent Jeanne","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122849","display_name":"Philips (Netherlands)","ror":"https://ror.org/02p2bgp27","country_code":"NL","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122849"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vincent Jeanne","raw_affiliation_strings":["Philips Research Eindhoven, Eindhoven, Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Philips Research Eindhoven, Eindhoven, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122849"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111607128","display_name":"Ralph Braspenning","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122849","display_name":"Philips (Netherlands)","ror":"https://ror.org/02p2bgp27","country_code":"NL","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122849"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ralph Braspenning","raw_affiliation_strings":["Philips Research Eindhoven, Eindhoven, Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Philips Research Eindhoven, Eindhoven, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122849"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122849"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.3255,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":85,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96042363,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.9878000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/local-binary-patterns","display_name":"Local binary patterns","score":0.8798731565475464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.79115229845047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histogram","display_name":"Histogram","score":0.7238412499427795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.7094323635101318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.703883707523346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.6519136428833008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.5930629968643188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-expression","display_name":"Facial expression","score":0.5789541006088257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histogram-of-oriented-gradients","display_name":"Histogram of oriented gradients","score":0.5752294063568115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/three-dimensional-face-recognition","display_name":"Three-dimensional face recognition","score":0.5302260518074036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5186692476272583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.4780160188674927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.45033812522888184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.45013371109962463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-registration","display_name":"Image registration","score":0.410768061876297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face-detection","display_name":"Face detection","score":0.24736332893371582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.13624307513237}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87335442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2494345","display_name":"Local binary patterns","level":4,"score":0.8798731565475464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.79115229845047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53533937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185020","display_name":"Histogram","level":3,"score":0.7238412499427795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.7094323635101318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.703883707523346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6519136428833008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.5930629968643188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195704467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327968","display_name":"Facial expression","level":2,"score":0.5789541006088257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17426736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q419918","display_name":"Histogram of oriented gradients","level":4,"score":0.5752294063568115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88799230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3398329","display_name":"Three-dimensional face recognition","level":5,"score":0.5302260518074036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5186692476272583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.4780160188674927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.45033812522888184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.45013371109962463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166704113","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q861092","display_name":"Image registration","level":3,"score":0.410768061876297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4641261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11681085","display_name":"Face detection","level":4,"score":0.24736332893371582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.13624307513237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/afgr.2008.4813379","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/afgr.2008.4813379","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2008 8th IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face & Gesture Recognition","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1545641654","https://openalex.org/W1578352865","https://openalex.org/W1580172038","https://openalex.org/W2033773055","https://openalex.org/W2039051707","https://openalex.org/W2096044434","https://openalex.org/W2101176070","https://openalex.org/W2102570318","https://openalex.org/W2103384342","https://openalex.org/W2106309274","https://openalex.org/W2108113956","https://openalex.org/W2109943925","https://openalex.org/W2124079640","https://openalex.org/W2125127226","https://openalex.org/W2133180260","https://openalex.org/W2143245774","https://openalex.org/W2148603752","https://openalex.org/W2159017231","https://openalex.org/W2161969291","https://openalex.org/W2163352848","https://openalex.org/W2163797197","https://openalex.org/W2164598857","https://openalex.org/W2166835339","https://openalex.org/W2172803778","https://openalex.org/W2980468885","https://openalex.org/W4205392983","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6675224631","https://openalex.org/W6676019839","https://openalex.org/W6680968271"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2486556835","https://openalex.org/W2914194627","https://openalex.org/W2363530787","https://openalex.org/W1771356744","https://openalex.org/W2550539038","https://openalex.org/W2855870609","https://openalex.org/W2543657549","https://openalex.org/W2895897843","https://openalex.org/W2905622784","https://openalex.org/W2040719874"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3,28,44,65],"extensively":[4],"investigate":[5],"local":[6,50,55,62],"features":[7],"based":[8,48],"facial":[9,41,46,75,80],"expression":[10,76],"recognition":[11,77,91],"with":[12,84],"face":[13,71,107],"registration":[14,72,108],"errors,":[15],"which":[16],"has":[17],"never":[18],"been":[19],"addressed":[20],"before.":[21],"Our":[22],"contributions":[23],"are":[24],"three":[25],"fold.":[26],"Firstly,":[27],"propose":[29],"and":[30,54,103],"experimentally":[31],"study":[32,67],"the":[33,68,87,94],"histogram":[34],"of":[35,70],"oriented":[36],"gradients":[37],"(HOG)":[38],"descriptors":[39],"for":[40],"representation.":[42],"Secondly,":[43],"present":[45],"representations":[47],"on":[49,74,93],"binary":[51],"patterns":[52,57],"(LBP)":[53],"ternary":[56],"(LTP)":[58],"extracted":[59],"from":[60],"overlapping":[61,85],"regions.":[63],"Thirdly,":[64],"quantitatively":[66],"impact":[69],"errors":[73],"using":[78],"different":[79],"representations.":[81],"Overall":[82],"LBP":[83],"gives":[86],"best":[88,104],"performance":[89],"(92.9%":[90],"rate":[92],"Cohn-Kanade":[95],"database),":[96],"while":[97],"maintaining":[98],"a":[99],"compact":[100],"feature":[101],"vector":[102],"robustness":[105],"against":[106],"errors.":[109]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}