{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2544972895","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/afgr.2008.4813360","title":"Facial feature localization usingweighted vector concentration approach","display_name":"Facial feature localization usingweighted vector concentration approach","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2544972895","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/afgr.2008.4813360","mag":"2544972895"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/afgr.2008.4813360","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/afgr.2008.4813360","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2008 8th IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face &amp; Gesture Recognition","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028237641","display_name":"Tatsuo Kozakaya","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1292669757","display_name":"Toshiba (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/0326v3z14","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292669757"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tatsuo Kozakaya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Corporate Research and Development Center, Toshiba Corporation, Kawasaki, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Corporate Research and Development Center, Toshiba Corporation, Kawasaki, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1292669757"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101693608","display_name":"Tomoyuki Shibata","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1633-0456"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1292669757","display_name":"Toshiba (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/0326v3z14","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292669757"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tomoyuki Shibata","raw_affiliation_strings":["Corporate Research and Development Center, Toshiba Corporation, Kawasaki, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Corporate Research and Development Center, Toshiba Corporation, Kawasaki, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1292669757"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009056800","display_name":"Mayumi Yuasa","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1292669757","display_name":"Toshiba (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/0326v3z14","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292669757"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mayumi Yuasa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Corporate Research and Development Center, Toshiba Corporation, Kawasaki, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Corporate Research and Development Center, Toshiba Corporation, Kawasaki, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1292669757"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033408219","display_name":"Osamu Yamaguchi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7461-369X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1292669757","display_name":"Toshiba (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/0326v3z14","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292669757"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Osamu Yamaguchi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Corporate Research and Development Center, Toshiba Corporation, Kawasaki, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Corporate Research and Development Center, Toshiba Corporation, Kawasaki, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1292669757"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.71,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77412577,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9842000007629395,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.7569007277488708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7315385341644287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/codebook","display_name":"Codebook","score":0.7286998629570007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.6539537310600281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6285309791564941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-vector","display_name":"Feature vector","score":0.6263132095336914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.5387206673622131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.5210056304931641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/position","display_name":"Position (finance)","score":0.5164527893066406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/k-nearest-neighbors-algorithm","display_name":"k-nearest neighbors algorithm","score":0.4361405074596405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.41483402252197266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3337792754173279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3151507079601288}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.7569007277488708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7315385341644287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127759330","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q637416","display_name":"Codebook","level":2,"score":0.7286998629570007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.6539537310600281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6285309791564941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83665646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42139305","display_name":"Feature vector","level":2,"score":0.6263132095336914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.5387206673622131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.5210056304931641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.5164527893066406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113238511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071612","display_name":"k-nearest neighbors algorithm","level":2,"score":0.4361405074596405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.41483402252197266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3337792754173279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3151507079601288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/afgr.2008.4813360","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/afgr.2008.4813360","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2008 8th IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face &amp; Gesture Recognition","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7400000095367432,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1977821862","https://openalex.org/W2033419168","https://openalex.org/W2038952578","https://openalex.org/W2071420117","https://openalex.org/W2082308025","https://openalex.org/W2111308925","https://openalex.org/W2119128372","https://openalex.org/W2120505834","https://openalex.org/W2121956191","https://openalex.org/W2124589144","https://openalex.org/W2129249398","https://openalex.org/W2134053173","https://openalex.org/W2135085001","https://openalex.org/W2145536721","https://openalex.org/W2148378645","https://openalex.org/W2151103935","https://openalex.org/W2157149292","https://openalex.org/W2160126058","https://openalex.org/W2161877343","https://openalex.org/W2161969291","https://openalex.org/W2164598857","https://openalex.org/W2169351022","https://openalex.org/W2169396417","https://openalex.org/W2427881153","https://openalex.org/W2498631646","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6678457786","https://openalex.org/W6679684583","https://openalex.org/W6681833455"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2293149949","https://openalex.org/W2026099691","https://openalex.org/W4284672201","https://openalex.org/W2377486419","https://openalex.org/W2943202426","https://openalex.org/W2163679795","https://openalex.org/W2736714427","https://openalex.org/W2137816434","https://openalex.org/W1968695676","https://openalex.org/W1983936910"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3],"propose":[4],"an":[5],"efficient":[6],"and":[7,63,85,102,116],"generic":[8],"facial":[9,29,44,126],"feature":[10,45,80,127],"localization":[11],"method":[12,21,134,137],"based":[13,138],"on":[14,28,59,139],"a":[15,38,60,103],"weighted":[16,67],"vector":[17,114],"concentration":[18,52,115],"approach.":[19],"Our":[20],"does":[22],"not":[23],"require":[24],"any":[25],"specific":[26],"priors":[27],"shape":[30],"but":[31],"implicitly":[32],"learns":[33],"its":[34],"structural":[35],"information":[36],"from":[37,56],"training":[39],"data.":[40],"Unlike":[41],"previous":[42],"work,":[43],"points":[46,58,101],"are":[47,66,89],"globally":[48],"estimated":[49],"by":[50,68],"the":[51,75,79,99,112,117,120,140],"of":[53,78,106,111],"directional":[54,83],"vectors":[55,65,84],"sampling":[57,100],"face":[61],"region,":[62],"those":[64],"using":[69],"local":[70,86,96,121],"likelihood":[71,87,122],"patterns":[72,88,97,123],"which":[73],"discriminate":[74],"appropriate":[76],"position":[77],"points.":[81],"The":[82,109],"provided":[90],"through":[91],"nearest":[92],"neighbor":[93],"search":[94],"between":[95],"around":[98],"trained":[104],"codebook":[105],"extended":[107],"templates.":[108],"combination":[110],"global":[113],"verification":[118],"with":[119],"achieves":[124],"robust":[125],"point":[128],"detection.":[129],"We":[130],"demonstrate":[131],"that":[132],"our":[133,145],"outperforms":[135],"state-of-the-art":[136],"Active":[141],"Shape":[142],"Models":[143],"in":[144],"evaluation.":[146]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
