{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2106873328","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/afgr.2008.4813354","title":"Gabor volume based local binary pattern for face representation and recognition","display_name":"Gabor volume based local binary pattern for face representation and recognition","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2106873328","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/afgr.2008.4813354","mag":"2106873328"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/afgr.2008.4813354","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/afgr.2008.4813354","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2008 8th IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face &amp; Gesture Recognition","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101629247","display_name":"Zhen Lei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0450-0913"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094879","display_name":"Shandong Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/00qdtba35","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094879","https://openalex.org/I4210142748"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhen Lei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Biometrics and Security Research & National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","Center for Biometrics and Security Research & National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy and Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Biometrics and Security Research & National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Biometrics and Security Research & National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy and Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094879"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019092879","display_name":"Shengcai Liao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8941-2295"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094879","display_name":"Shandong Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/00qdtba35","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094879","https://openalex.org/I4210142748"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shengcai Liao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Biometrics and Security Research & National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","Center for Biometrics and Security Research & National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy and Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Biometrics and Security Research & National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Biometrics and Security Research & National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy and Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094879"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112749024","display_name":"Ran He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3807-991X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094879","display_name":"Shandong Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/00qdtba35","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094879","https://openalex.org/I4210142748"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ran He","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Biometrics and Security Research & National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","Center for Biometrics and Security Research & National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy and Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Biometrics and Security Research & National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Biometrics and Security Research & National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy and Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094879"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048302737","display_name":"Matti Pietik\u00e4inen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","display_name":"University of Oulu","ror":"https://ror.org/03yj89h83","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matti Pietikainen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Machine Vision Group, University of Oulu, Oulun yliopisto, FI, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Machine Vision Group, University of Oulu, Oulun yliopisto, FI, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082786719","display_name":"Stan Z. Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2961-8096"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094879","display_name":"Shandong Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/00qdtba35","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094879","https://openalex.org/I4210142748"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stan Z. Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Biometrics and Security Research & National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","Center for Biometrics and Security Research & National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy and Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Biometrics and Security Research & National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Biometrics and Security Research & National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy and Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094879"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101629247"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210094879"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.3887,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":48,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96841496,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9894000291824341,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13579","display_name":"Image and Video Stabilization","score":0.9860000014305115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/local-binary-patterns","display_name":"Local binary patterns","score":0.8240267038345337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7455648183822632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.7239394187927246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histogram","display_name":"Histogram","score":0.6868422031402588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.6298955678939819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.6287113428115845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5846744179725647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.5446710586547852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orientation","display_name":"Orientation (vector space)","score":0.5292301177978516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5184723734855652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.4900752305984497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-number","display_name":"Binary number","score":0.43513157963752747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3357561230659485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.25850582122802734}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87335442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2494345","display_name":"Local binary patterns","level":4,"score":0.8240267038345337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7455648183822632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.7239394187927246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53533937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185020","display_name":"Histogram","level":3,"score":0.6868422031402588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.6298955678939819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.6287113428115845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5846744179725647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.5446710586547852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16345878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107472979","display_name":"Orientation (vector space)","level":2,"score":0.5292301177978516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5184723734855652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.4900752305984497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.43513157963752747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3357561230659485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.25850582122802734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/afgr.2008.4813354","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/afgr.2008.4813354","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2008 8th IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face &amp; Gesture Recognition","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.460.8828","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.460.8828","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://nlpr-web.ia.ac.cn/2008papers/gjhy/gh92.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.4399999976158142}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8570012161","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"unknown","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","funder_display_name":"European Regional Development Fund"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321133","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","display_name":"European Regional Development Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335773","display_name":"National High-tech Research and Development Program","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2033419168","https://openalex.org/W2099741732","https://openalex.org/W2117072267","https://openalex.org/W2118774738","https://openalex.org/W2120954940","https://openalex.org/W2121647436","https://openalex.org/W2137659841","https://openalex.org/W2139916508","https://openalex.org/W2163808566","https://openalex.org/W2165731615","https://openalex.org/W2180187800","https://openalex.org/W2799061466","https://openalex.org/W6677495702"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2181817726","https://openalex.org/W2163808566","https://openalex.org/W2990472155","https://openalex.org/W2543657549","https://openalex.org/W2486556835","https://openalex.org/W2074584451","https://openalex.org/W2537156416","https://openalex.org/W2342684998","https://openalex.org/W3024593842","https://openalex.org/W2897995864"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,75,96,106],"novel":[4],"face":[5,11,103],"representation":[6],"and":[7,18,22,64,78,121,143],"recognition":[8],"approach.":[9],"The":[10],"image":[12],"is":[13,28,111,131],"first":[14,68],"decomposed":[15],"by":[16],"multi-scale":[17],"multi-orientation":[19],"Gabor":[20,34,71,89],"filters":[21],"local":[23],"binary":[24],"pattern":[25],"(LBP)":[26],"analysis":[27,82],"then":[29,79],"applied":[30],"on":[31,83,141],"the":[32,44,50,70,88,115,126,135,149,153],"derived":[33],"magnitude":[35,72],"responses.":[36],"Different":[37],"from":[38],"(W.C.":[39],"Zhang":[40],"et":[41],"al.,":[42],"2005),":[43],"present":[45],"method":[46],"not":[47],"only":[48],"describes":[49],"neighboring":[51,116],"relationship":[52],"in":[53,93,95,118],"spatial":[54],"domain,":[55],"but":[56],"also":[57],"exploit":[58],"those":[59],"between":[60],"different":[61],"scales":[62],"(frequency)":[63],"orientations.":[65],"Specifically,":[66],"we":[67],"reformulate":[69],"responses":[73],"as":[74],"3rd-order":[76],"volume":[77],"apply":[80],"LBP":[81],"three":[84],"orthogonal":[85],"planes":[86],"of":[87,137,152],"volume,":[90],"named":[91],"GV-LBP-TOP":[92],"short,":[94],"hope":[97],"to":[98,113,133],"encode":[99],"sufficient":[100],"information":[101],"for":[102],"representation.":[104],"Further,":[105],"computationally":[107],"effective":[108],"version,":[109],"E-GV-LBP,":[110],"proposed":[112,154],"depict":[114],"changes":[117],"spatial,":[119],"frequency":[120],"orientation":[122],"domains":[123],"simultaneously.":[124],"Finally,":[125],"weighted":[127],"histogram":[128],"intersection":[129],"metric":[130],"utilized":[132],"measure":[134],"dissimilarity":[136],"faces.":[138],"Experimental":[139],"results":[140],"FERET":[142],"FRGC":[144],"ver":[145],"2.0":[146],"databases":[147],"show":[148],"significant":[150],"advantages":[151],"method.":[155]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
