{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2100183532","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/afgr.2004.1301568","title":"Robust lip contour extraction using separability of multi-dimensional distributions","display_name":"Robust lip contour extraction using separability of multi-dimensional distributions","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-06-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2100183532","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/afgr.2004.1301568","mag":"2100183532"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/afgr.2004.1301568","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/afgr.2004.1301568","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sixth IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, 2004. Proceedings.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112523743","display_name":"Taisuke Wakasugi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1292669757","display_name":"Toshiba (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/0326v3z14","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292669757"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. Wakasugi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Corporate Research and Development Center, Toshiba Corporation, Kawasaki, Japan","[Corp. Res. & Dev. Center, Toshiba Corp., Kawasaki, Japan]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Corporate Research and Development Center, Toshiba Corporation, Kawasaki, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1292669757"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Corp. Res. & Dev. Center, Toshiba Corp., Kawasaki, Japan]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1292669757"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053374632","display_name":"Masahide Nishiura","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1292669757","display_name":"Toshiba (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/0326v3z14","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292669757"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Nishiura","raw_affiliation_strings":["Corporate Research and Development Center, Toshiba Corporation, Kawasaki, Japan","[Corp. Res. & Dev. Center, Toshiba Corp., Kawasaki, Japan]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Corporate Research and Development Center, Toshiba Corporation, Kawasaki, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1292669757"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Corp. Res. & Dev. Center, Toshiba Corp., Kawasaki, Japan]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1292669757"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101567870","display_name":"Kazuhiro Fukui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4201-1096"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1292669757","display_name":"Toshiba (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/0326v3z14","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292669757"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. Fukui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Corporate Research and Development Center, Toshiba Corporation, Kawasaki, Japan","[Corp. Res. & Dev. Center, Toshiba Corp., Kawasaki, Japan]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Corporate Research and Development Center, Toshiba Corporation, Kawasaki, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1292669757"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Corp. Res. & Dev. Center, Toshiba Corp., Kawasaki, Japan]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1292669757"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4337,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82188056,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"415","last_page":"420"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9891999959945679,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9714999794960022,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.72798752784729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/active-contour-model","display_name":"Active contour model","score":0.5745512247085571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5665408372879028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5551669597625732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grayscale","display_name":"Grayscale","score":0.5310041904449463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5236870050430298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intensity","display_name":"Intensity (physics)","score":0.5039681792259216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformation","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","score":0.486405611038208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.47623971104621887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-detection","display_name":"Edge detection","score":0.4755023419857025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.44687655568122864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contour-line","display_name":"Contour line","score":0.4165036678314209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3653980791568756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.2344018518924713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.223775714635849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.17069098353385925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.07422426342964172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.05705252289772034}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.72798752784729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112353826","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127313","display_name":"Active contour model","level":4,"score":0.5745512247085571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5665408372879028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5551669597625732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78201319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q685727","display_name":"Grayscale","level":3,"score":0.5310041904449463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5236870050430298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93038891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061524","display_name":"Intensity (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5039681792259216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204241405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461499","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","level":3,"score":0.486405611038208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.47623971104621887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193536780","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1513153","display_name":"Edge detection","level":4,"score":0.4755023419857025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.44687655568122864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86069527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6653802","display_name":"Contour line","level":2,"score":0.4165036678314209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3653980791568756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2344018518924713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.223775714635849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.17069098353385925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.07422426342964172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.05705252289772034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/afgr.2004.1301568","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/afgr.2004.1301568","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sixth IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, 2004. Proceedings.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.325.8752","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.325.8752","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cvlab.cs.tsukuba.ac.jp/~kfukui/english/epapers/fg2004.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1550230269","https://openalex.org/W1947491366","https://openalex.org/W2003370853","https://openalex.org/W2104095591","https://openalex.org/W2125848778","https://openalex.org/W2132290216","https://openalex.org/W2137136356","https://openalex.org/W2143985297","https://openalex.org/W2145023731","https://openalex.org/W2147939865","https://openalex.org/W3169507310","https://openalex.org/W6640826573"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W115686965","https://openalex.org/W2768918307","https://openalex.org/W2110031805","https://openalex.org/W2040020606","https://openalex.org/W4362659915","https://openalex.org/W2113071088","https://openalex.org/W2321543601","https://openalex.org/W2972861887","https://openalex.org/W2384347880","https://openalex.org/W2375013257"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,87,101],"present":[1,102],"a":[2],"lip":[3,22,34,47,93],"contour":[4,23,35,94,99],"extraction":[5,95],"method":[6,73,91],"using":[7,96],"separability":[8,81],"of":[9,26,82,109],"color":[10,56,84],"intensity":[11,57,85],"distributions.":[12,86],"Usually":[13],"it":[14],"is":[15,36,49,78],"difficult":[16],"to":[17,58,92],"robustly":[18],"extract":[19],"the":[20,27,32,40,43,46,55,59,89,107,110],"outer":[21,33],"mainly":[24],"because":[25],"following":[28],"two":[29,66,83],"problems.":[30],"First,":[31],"often":[37,50],"blurred.":[38],"Secondly,":[39],"contrast":[41],"between":[42],"skin":[44],"and":[45],"region":[48],"reduced":[51],"by":[52],"transformation":[53],"from":[54],"gray":[60],"scale":[61],"intensity.":[62],"To":[63],"overcome":[64],"these":[65],"problems":[67],"we":[68],"propose":[69],"an":[70,97],"edge":[71,76],"detection":[72],"in":[74],"which":[75],"strength":[77],"defined":[79],"as":[80],"apply":[88],"proposed":[90,111],"active":[98],"model.":[100],"several":[103],"experimental":[104],"results":[105],"demonstrating":[106],"effectiveness":[108],"method.":[112]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
