{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2159533945","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/afgr.2004.1301532","title":"A symmetric transformation for LDA-based face verification","display_name":"A symmetric transformation for LDA-based face verification","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-06-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2159533945","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/afgr.2004.1301532","mag":"2159533945"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/afgr.2004.1301532","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/afgr.2004.1301532","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sixth IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, 2004. Proceedings.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/83045","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016330764","display_name":"S\u00e9bastien Marcel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2497-9140"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2614128279","display_name":"Dalle Molle Institute for Artificial Intelligence Research","ror":"https://ror.org/013355g38","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I15196421","https://openalex.org/I2614128279","https://openalex.org/I57201433"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"S. Marcel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dalle Molle Institute for Perceptual Artificial Intelligence, Martigny, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dalle Molle Institute for Perceptual Artificial Intelligence, Martigny, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2614128279"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5016330764"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2614128279"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.733,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91157231,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"idiap rr 2 5","issue":null,"first_page":"207","last_page":"212"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mirroring","display_name":"Mirroring","score":0.7405267357826233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7372778654098511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.6681365370750427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rotation","display_name":"Rotation (mathematics)","score":0.6167793869972229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformation","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","score":0.6093661785125732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometric-transformation","display_name":"Geometric transformation","score":0.6041882038116455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5973588228225708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/translation","display_name":"Translation (biology)","score":0.5728628039360046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.5600087642669678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.5193337202072144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.5093759298324585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4930703341960907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modal","display_name":"Modal","score":0.4819214642047882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sample","display_name":"Sample (material)","score":0.4795341491699219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4504542946815491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.42514902353286743}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189645446","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q350865","display_name":"Mirroring","level":2,"score":0.7405267357826233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7372778654098511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.6681365370750427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74050887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848368","display_name":"Rotation (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.6167793869972229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204241405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461499","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","level":3,"score":0.6093661785125732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56435381","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1196371","display_name":"Geometric transformation","level":3,"score":0.6041882038116455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5973588228225708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149364088","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185917","display_name":"Translation (biology)","level":4,"score":0.5728628039360046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.5600087642669678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5193337202072144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.5093759298324585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4930703341960907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71139939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q910194","display_name":"Modal","level":2,"score":0.4819214642047882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.4795341491699219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4504542946815491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.42514902353286743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188027245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750446","display_name":"Polymer chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105580179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188928","display_name":"Messenger RNA","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/afgr.2004.1301532","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/afgr.2004.1301532","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sixth IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, 2004. Proceedings.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:infoscience.tind.io:83045","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/83045","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400487","display_name":"Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/83045","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:infoscience.tind.io:83045","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/83045","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400487","display_name":"Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/83045","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.44999998807907104,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1498230048","https://openalex.org/W1504795754","https://openalex.org/W1554663460","https://openalex.org/W1586405805","https://openalex.org/W2001619934","https://openalex.org/W2020657260","https://openalex.org/W2099523623","https://openalex.org/W2109088898","https://openalex.org/W2116512521","https://openalex.org/W2121647436","https://openalex.org/W2139212933","https://openalex.org/W2148578247","https://openalex.org/W2170003605","https://openalex.org/W2217896605","https://openalex.org/W3193477162","https://openalex.org/W6629747525","https://openalex.org/W6635268374"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2081134829","https://openalex.org/W2012196799","https://openalex.org/W2914953798","https://openalex.org/W2016936103","https://openalex.org/W1969752774","https://openalex.org/W2551163313","https://openalex.org/W2294049764","https://openalex.org/W2108584188","https://openalex.org/W1980969160","https://openalex.org/W2985118265"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"One":[0],"of":[1,15,135],"the":[2,21,74,77,81,128,133,136,141],"major":[3],"problems":[4],"in":[5,97],"face":[6,86,122],"verification":[7,87,123],"is":[8,28,70,89],"to":[9,19,25,29,55,60],"deal":[10],"with":[11],"a":[12,34,57,62,109],"few":[13],"numbers":[14],"images":[16],"per":[17],"person":[18],"train":[20],"system.":[22],"A":[23],"solution":[24],"that":[26,120,127,132],"problem":[27],"generate":[30,61],"virtual":[31,64,68,138],"samples":[32],"from":[33],"unique":[35],"image":[36,79],"by":[37,72],"doing":[38],"simple":[39],"geometric":[40],"transformations":[41],"such":[42],"as":[43],"translation,":[44],"scale,":[45],"rotation":[46],"and":[47,80,100,130],"vertical":[48,82],"mirroring.":[49],"In":[50],"this":[51,117],"paper,":[52],"we":[53],"propose":[54],"use":[56],"symmetric":[58,67,137],"transformation":[59],"new":[63],"sample.":[65],"This":[66],"sample":[69,139],"obtained":[71],"computing":[73],"average":[75],"between":[76],"original":[78],"mirrored":[83],"image.":[84],"The":[85],"system":[88,124],"based":[90],"on":[91,108,116],"LDA":[92],"feature":[93],"extraction,":[94],"successfully":[95],"used":[96],"previous":[98],"studies,":[99],"MLP":[101],"for":[102],"classification.":[103],"Experiments":[104],"were":[105],"carried":[106],"out":[107],"difficult":[110],"multi-modal":[111],"database,":[112],"namely":[113],"BANCA.":[114],"Results":[115],"database":[118],"show":[119],"our":[121],"performs":[125],"better":[126],"state-of-the-art":[129],"also":[131],"addition":[134],"improves":[140],"performance.":[142]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}