{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2142056885","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/afgr.2004.1301513","title":"Face alignment under variable illumination","display_name":"Face alignment under variable illumination","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-06-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2142056885","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/afgr.2004.1301513","mag":"2142056885"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/afgr.2004.1301513","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/afgr.2004.1301513","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sixth IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, 2004. Proceedings.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102101230","display_name":"Yuchi Huang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094879","display_name":"Shandong Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/00qdtba35","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094879","https://openalex.org/I4210142748"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113369","display_name":"Microsoft Research Asia (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/0300m5276","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253","https://openalex.org/I4210113369"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuchi Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy and Sciences, China","Microsoft Research Asia, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy and Sciences, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094879"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research Asia, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113369"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052915855","display_name":"Shuaichen Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9536-1311"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113369","display_name":"Microsoft Research Asia (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/0300m5276","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253","https://openalex.org/I4210113369"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research Asia, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research Asia, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113369"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070408849","display_name":"S.Z. Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3781-6591"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113369","display_name":"Microsoft Research Asia (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/0300m5276","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253","https://openalex.org/I4210113369"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S.Z. Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research Asia, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research Asia, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113369"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102146587","display_name":"Hanqing Lu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094879","display_name":"Shandong Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/00qdtba35","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094879","https://openalex.org/I4210142748"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hanqing Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy and Sciences, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy and Sciences, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094879"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061000201","display_name":"Heung\u2010Yeung Shum","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4684-911X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113369","display_name":"Microsoft Research Asia (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/0300m5276","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253","https://openalex.org/I4210113369"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Heung-Yeung Shum","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research Asia, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research Asia, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113369"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.4862,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":28,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90074404,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":null,"first_page":"85","last_page":"90"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.9923999905586243,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7750979661941528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.7527303695678711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normalization","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","score":0.7089672088623047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6719443798065186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/invariant","display_name":"Invariant (physics)","score":0.5094524025917053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.5060037970542908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.501065731048584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4228893220424652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2508954405784607}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7750979661941528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.7527303695678711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136886441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q926129","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","level":2,"score":0.7089672088623047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6719443798065186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190470478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2370229","display_name":"Invariant (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5094524025917053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.5060037970542908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.501065731048584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4228893220424652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2508954405784607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37914503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156495","display_name":"Mathematical physics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/afgr.2004.1301513","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/afgr.2004.1301513","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sixth IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, 2004. Proceedings.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.119.8918","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.119.8918","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://paul.rutgers.edu/~yuchuang/papers/faceAlignment.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.hkust.edu.hk:1783.1-161200","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://repository.hkust.edu.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-161200","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401796","display_name":"Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Conference paper"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.6499999761581421,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W39428922","https://openalex.org/W1506013575","https://openalex.org/W1581809140","https://openalex.org/W1962010357","https://openalex.org/W1975301015","https://openalex.org/W2038952578","https://openalex.org/W2063718733","https://openalex.org/W2121900453","https://openalex.org/W2123921160","https://openalex.org/W2155759509","https://openalex.org/W2167034998","https://openalex.org/W2172803778","https://openalex.org/W2179426874","https://openalex.org/W2182517799","https://openalex.org/W2970930881","https://openalex.org/W6601593943","https://openalex.org/W6685434130"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2953716828","https://openalex.org/W2904857019","https://openalex.org/W2944728705","https://openalex.org/W3011538607","https://openalex.org/W2904022177","https://openalex.org/W2591697403","https://openalex.org/W4321441197","https://openalex.org/W2347824352","https://openalex.org/W2098693229","https://openalex.org/W2384651879"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"an":[3,11],"approach":[4],"to":[5,39],"face":[6,90],"alignment":[7,18,69,91],"under":[8,97],"variable":[9],"illumination,":[10],"obstacle":[12],"largely":[13],"ignored":[14],"in":[15,52],"previous":[16],"2D":[17],"work.":[19],"To":[20,59],"account":[21],"for":[22],"illumination":[23,102],"variation,":[24],"our":[25,89],"method":[26],"employs":[27],"two":[28],"forms":[29],"of":[30,55,82,101],"relatively":[31],"lighting-invariant":[32],"information.":[33],"Edge":[34],"phase":[35],"congruency":[36],"is":[37,70],"adopted":[38],"coarsely":[40],"localize":[41],"facial":[42],"features,":[43],"since":[44],"prominent":[45],"feature":[46],"edges":[47],"can":[48],"be":[49],"robustly":[50],"located":[51],"the":[53],"presence":[54],"shading":[56],"and":[57,95],"shadows.":[58],"accurately":[60],"deal":[61],"with":[62,64],"features":[63],"less":[65],"pronounced":[66],"edges,":[67],"final":[68],"then":[71],"computed":[72],"from":[73],"intrinsic":[74],"gray-level":[75],"information":[76],"recovered":[77],"using":[78],"a":[79,98],"proposed":[80],"form":[81],"local":[83],"intensity":[84],"normalization.":[85],"With":[86],"this":[87],"approach,":[88],"system":[92],"works":[93],"efficiently":[94],"effectively":[96],"wide":[99],"range":[100],"conditions,":[103],"as":[104],"evidenced":[105],"by":[106],"extensive":[107],"experimentation.":[108]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}