{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2148877716","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/afgr.2002.1004141","title":"Robust facial expression recognition using a state-based model of spatially-localised facial dynamics","display_name":"Robust facial expression recognition using a state-based model of spatially-localised facial dynamics","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-06-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2148877716","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/afgr.2002.1004141","mag":"2148877716"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/afgr.2002.1004141","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/afgr.2002.1004141","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of Fifth IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face Gesture Recognition","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085260386","display_name":"F. Bourel","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I198012923","display_name":"University of Staffordshire","ror":"https://ror.org/00d6k8y35","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I198012923"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"F. Bourel","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, Staffordshire University, Stafford, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, Staffordshire University, Stafford, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198012923"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083300118","display_name":"Claude C. Chibelushi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1349-1705"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I198012923","display_name":"University of Staffordshire","ror":"https://ror.org/00d6k8y35","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I198012923"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C.C. Chibelushi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, Staffordshire University, Stafford, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, Staffordshire University, Stafford, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198012923"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031309424","display_name":"Adrian Low","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I198012923","display_name":"University of Staffordshire","ror":"https://ror.org/00d6k8y35","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I198012923"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A.A. Low","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, Staffordshire University, Stafford, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, Staffordshire University, Stafford, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198012923"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5085260386"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198012923"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.3069,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":90,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94801234,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"113","last_page":"118"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.9930999875068665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-expression","display_name":"Facial expression","score":0.75156569480896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7203832268714905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6672183871269226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face-hallucination","display_name":"Face hallucination","score":0.5840195417404175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.578585147857666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5437664985656738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/three-dimensional-face-recognition","display_name":"Three-dimensional face recognition","score":0.5120956897735596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5099183320999146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5042887926101685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.4993908405303955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-expression-recognition","display_name":"Facial expression recognition","score":0.4867687225341797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/active-appearance-model","display_name":"Active appearance model","score":0.4673998951911926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.4358316659927368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.4318401515483856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.4221009612083435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensitivity","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","score":0.41320982575416565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.20201486349105835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face-detection","display_name":"Face detection","score":0.18851664662361145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09103673696517944}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195704467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327968","display_name":"Facial expression","level":2,"score":0.75156569480896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7203832268714905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6672183871269226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54654163","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5428359","display_name":"Face hallucination","level":5,"score":0.5840195417404175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.578585147857666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5437664985656738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88799230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3398329","display_name":"Three-dimensional face recognition","level":5,"score":0.5120956897735596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5099183320999146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5042887926101685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.4993908405303955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987714656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1185804","display_name":"Facial expression recognition","level":4,"score":0.4867687225341797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83248878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q344000","display_name":"Active appearance model","level":3,"score":0.4673998951911926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.4358316659927368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.4318401515483856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.4221009612083435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.41320982575416565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.20201486349105835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4641261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11681085","display_name":"Face detection","level":4,"score":0.18851664662361145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09103673696517944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/afgr.2002.1004141","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/afgr.2002.1004141","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of Fifth IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face Gesture Recognition","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.staffs.ac.uk:1113","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://eprints.staffs.ac.uk/1113/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401113","display_name":"Staffordshire Online Repository (Staffordshire University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I198012923","host_organization_name":"University of Staffordshire","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I198012923"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference or Workshop Item"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W26791748","https://openalex.org/W1509031088","https://openalex.org/W1588539311","https://openalex.org/W1897539390","https://openalex.org/W1957723580","https://openalex.org/W1995771983","https://openalex.org/W2016598597","https://openalex.org/W2016859189","https://openalex.org/W2040179990","https://openalex.org/W2102322178","https://openalex.org/W2106390385","https://openalex.org/W2118877769","https://openalex.org/W2121936028","https://openalex.org/W2125127226","https://openalex.org/W2129150631","https://openalex.org/W2132549764","https://openalex.org/W2133180260","https://openalex.org/W2145869529","https://openalex.org/W2159017231","https://openalex.org/W2160947254","https://openalex.org/W2165750466","https://openalex.org/W2168341643","https://openalex.org/W2931598930","https://openalex.org/W3105578466","https://openalex.org/W6601112762","https://openalex.org/W6677548441"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3661898","https://openalex.org/W2116055069","https://openalex.org/W2559836198","https://openalex.org/W1831484856","https://openalex.org/W2357640304","https://openalex.org/W2169777806","https://openalex.org/W2356663679","https://openalex.org/W3186105911","https://openalex.org/W3101555032","https://openalex.org/W766657370"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,16,49,74],"paper":[1,50],"proposes":[2],"a":[3,52,61,68,98],"new":[4],"approach":[5],"for":[6],"the":[7,19,44,78,106],"robust":[8,25],"recognition":[9,26,82,89],"of":[10,18,33,43,54,71,100,102],"facial":[11,55,64,72,80],"expressions":[12,56],"from":[13],"video":[14],"sequences.":[15],"goal":[17],"work":[20],"presented,":[21],"is":[22,58],"to":[23,40,67],"develop":[24],"techniques":[27],"that":[28,77],"will":[29],"overcome":[30],"some":[31],"limitations":[32],"current":[34],"techniques,":[35],"such":[36],"as":[37],"their":[38],"sensitivity":[39],"partial":[41],"occlusion":[42],"face,":[45],"and":[46],"noisy":[47],"data.":[48],"investigates":[51],"representation":[53],"which":[57],"based":[59],"on":[60],"spatially-localised":[62],"geometric":[63],"model":[65,70],"coupled":[66],"state-based":[69],"motion.":[73],"experiments":[75],"show":[76],"proposed":[79],"expression":[81],"framework":[83],"yields":[84],"relatively":[85],"little":[86],"degradation":[87],"in":[88],"rate,":[90],"when":[91],"faces":[92],"are":[93],"partially":[94],"occluded,":[95],"or":[96],"under":[97],"variety":[99],"levels":[101],"noise":[103],"introduced":[104],"at":[105],"feature":[107],"tracker":[108],"level.":[109]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}