{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2052323697","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/adprl.2014.7010636","title":"Adaptive dynamic programming for discrete-time LQR optimal tracking control problems with unknown dynamics","display_name":"Adaptive dynamic programming for discrete-time LQR optimal tracking control problems with unknown dynamics","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2052323697","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/adprl.2014.7010636","mag":"2052323697"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/adprl.2014.7010636","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/adprl.2014.7010636","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 IEEE Symposium on Adaptive Dynamic Programming and Reinforcement Learning (ADPRL)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100604915","display_name":"Yang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4478-9974"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China","School of Information Science and Engineering Northeastern University Shenyang, Liaoning, China 110819"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering Northeastern University Shenyang, Liaoning, China 110819","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064721860","display_name":"Yanhong Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6898-7903"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanhong Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China","School of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University,Shenyang,Liaoning,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University,Shenyang,Liaoning,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100625792","display_name":"Huaguang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2375-9824"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huaguang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China","School of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University,Shenyang,Liaoning,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University,Shenyang,Liaoning,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100604915"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3561,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.62637059,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12794","display_name":"Adaptive Dynamic Programming Control","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12794","display_name":"Adaptive Dynamic Programming Control","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10675","display_name":"Mechanical Circulatory Support Devices","score":0.9692000150680542,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-programming","display_name":"Dynamic programming","score":0.7974116802215576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimal-control","display_name":"Optimal control","score":0.6999074220657349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-quadratic-regulator","display_name":"Linear-quadratic regulator","score":0.6383142471313477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convergence","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","score":0.6147631406784058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.5837259888648987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-time-and-continuous-time","display_name":"Discrete time and continuous time","score":0.574648380279541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bellman-equation","display_name":"Bellman equation","score":0.5712857246398926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking-error","display_name":"Tracking error","score":0.540307343006134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5401372909545898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformation","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","score":0.518969714641571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/system-dynamics","display_name":"System dynamics","score":0.517510175704956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.5014865398406982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.4480467736721039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controller","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","score":0.4235430359840393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3331431746482849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.27274298667907715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.06999364495277405}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37404715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380679","display_name":"Dynamic programming","level":2,"score":0.7974116802215576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91575142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1971426","display_name":"Optimal control","level":2,"score":0.6999074220657349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98779006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2520550","display_name":"Linear-quadratic regulator","level":3,"score":0.6383142471313477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.6147631406784058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.5837259888648987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55689738","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15963867","display_name":"Discrete time and continuous time","level":2,"score":0.574648380279541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14646407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1430750","display_name":"Bellman equation","level":2,"score":0.5712857246398926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183356978","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779213","display_name":"Tracking error","level":3,"score":0.540307343006134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5401372909545898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204241405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461499","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","level":3,"score":0.518969714641571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77405623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q598451","display_name":"System dynamics","level":2,"score":0.517510175704956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.5014865398406982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.4480467736721039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.4235430359840393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3331431746482849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.27274298667907715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.06999364495277405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/adprl.2014.7010636","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/adprl.2014.7010636","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 IEEE Symposium on Adaptive Dynamic Programming and Reinforcement Learning (ADPRL)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.5799999833106995,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1854776945","https://openalex.org/W1983089547","https://openalex.org/W1997603681","https://openalex.org/W2013895638","https://openalex.org/W2020047580","https://openalex.org/W2048687352","https://openalex.org/W2052305027","https://openalex.org/W2059147929","https://openalex.org/W2060605484","https://openalex.org/W2098035803","https://openalex.org/W2105004188","https://openalex.org/W2111980775","https://openalex.org/W2150514620","https://openalex.org/W2151966330","https://openalex.org/W2159543578","https://openalex.org/W2165726932","https://openalex.org/W2169676553","https://openalex.org/W2476930474","https://openalex.org/W2484646121"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4255265352","https://openalex.org/W4239477580","https://openalex.org/W4285537323","https://openalex.org/W1932159282","https://openalex.org/W2090698372","https://openalex.org/W4383890581","https://openalex.org/W2965004901","https://openalex.org/W2921905705","https://openalex.org/W4233178034","https://openalex.org/W2003293420"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"an":[3,30],"optimal":[4,37,43],"tracking":[5,38,47],"control":[6,67,123],"approach":[7],"based":[8,50],"on":[9,51],"adaptive":[10],"dynamic":[11],"programming":[12],"(ADP)":[13],"algorithm":[14,73,100],"is":[15,94],"proposed":[16,98,122],"to":[17,84],"solve":[18,85],"the":[19,36,46,52,58,63,86,90,97,102,109,116,121],"linear":[20],"quadratic":[21],"regulation":[22],"(LQR)":[23],"problems":[24],"for":[25,45],"unknown":[26],"discrete-time":[27],"systems":[28],"in":[29],"online":[31],"fashion.":[32],"First,":[33],"we":[34,56],"convert":[35],"problem":[39],"into":[40],"designing":[41],"infinite-horizon":[42],"regulator":[44],"error":[48,59],"dynamics":[49],"system":[53,110],"transformation.":[54],"Then":[55],"expand":[57],"state":[60],"equation":[61],"by":[62],"history":[64],"data":[65],"of":[66,74,89,108,120],"and":[68,78,118],"state.":[69],"The":[70,112],"iterative":[71],"ADP":[72,99],"policy":[75],"iteration":[76,80],"(PI)":[77],"value":[79,87],"(VI)":[81],"are":[82],"introduced":[83],"function":[88],"controlled":[91],"system.":[92],"It":[93],"shown":[95],"that":[96],"solves":[101],"LQR":[103],"without":[104],"requiring":[105],"any":[106],"knowledge":[107],"dynamics.":[111],"simulation":[113],"results":[114],"show":[115],"convergence":[117],"effectiveness":[119],"scheme.":[124]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}