{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2108632787","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/adprl.2009.4927547","title":"Practical numerical methods for stochastic optimal control of biological systems in continuous time and space","display_name":"Practical numerical methods for stochastic optimal control of biological systems in continuous time and space","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2108632787","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/adprl.2009.4927547","mag":"2108632787"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/adprl.2009.4927547","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/adprl.2009.4927547","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 IEEE Symposium on Adaptive Dynamic Programming and Reinforcement Learning","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062033277","display_name":"Alex Simpkins","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California, San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alex Simpkins","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA","Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, 92093-0411, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, 92093-0411, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108520754","display_name":"Emanuel Todorov","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California, San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emanuel Todorov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Cognitive Science, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA","Department of Cognitive Science, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, 92093-0515, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cognitive Science, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cognitive Science, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, 92093-0515, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5062033277"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4094,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.62427894,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"212","last_page":"218"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10982","display_name":"Motor Control and Adaptation","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10982","display_name":"Motor Control and Adaptation","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":0.9478999972343445,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11685","display_name":"Zebrafish Biomedical Research Applications","score":0.9412000179290771,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1307","display_name":"Cell Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimal-control","display_name":"Optimal control","score":0.7402240633964539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unobservable","display_name":"Unobservable","score":0.7209420800209045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discretization","display_name":"Discretization","score":0.6227463483810425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.5926617383956909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5848665833473206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-quadratic-gaussian-control","display_name":"Linear-quadratic-Gaussian control","score":0.5411902666091919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simple","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","score":0.5354082584381104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stochastic-control","display_name":"Stochastic control","score":0.5274950265884399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2924312949180603}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91575142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1971426","display_name":"Optimal control","level":2,"score":0.7402240633964539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780695315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3799040","display_name":"Unobservable","level":2,"score":0.7209420800209045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73000952","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17007827","display_name":"Discretization","level":2,"score":0.6227463483810425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.5926617383956909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5848665833473206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204495892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1798304","display_name":"Linear-quadratic-Gaussian control","level":3,"score":0.5411902666091919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5354082584381104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170131372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7617811","display_name":"Stochastic control","level":3,"score":0.5274950265884399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2924312949180603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/adprl.2009.4927547","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/adprl.2009.4927547","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 IEEE Symposium on Adaptive Dynamic Programming and Reinforcement Learning","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W178056938","https://openalex.org/W195033972","https://openalex.org/W1600022730","https://openalex.org/W1964377184","https://openalex.org/W1965324089","https://openalex.org/W1970845657","https://openalex.org/W1981159762","https://openalex.org/W1991512494","https://openalex.org/W2029776687","https://openalex.org/W2098432798","https://openalex.org/W2105934661","https://openalex.org/W2113501460","https://openalex.org/W2113617958","https://openalex.org/W2167856595","https://openalex.org/W2293807537","https://openalex.org/W4214612718","https://openalex.org/W4302367620","https://openalex.org/W6607786297"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2619014647","https://openalex.org/W2097411338","https://openalex.org/W4256064714","https://openalex.org/W2071842300","https://openalex.org/W2011031901","https://openalex.org/W2963859747","https://openalex.org/W2943897807","https://openalex.org/W4366198066","https://openalex.org/W3120484221","https://openalex.org/W3047748938"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Previous":[0],"studies":[1],"have":[2],"suggested":[3],"that":[4],"optimal":[5,19,42,125],"control":[6,20,43,64,68,82],"is":[7,118,204],"one":[8],"suitable":[9],"model":[10,57],"for":[11],"biological":[12,91,105],"movement.":[13],"In":[14,93,132],"some":[15],"cases,":[16],"solutions":[17,48,54,126],"to":[18,41,45,81,101,108,159,179,188,197],"problems":[21,44],"are":[22,49,143,182],"known,":[23],"such":[24],"as":[25],"the":[26,72,138,146,164],"Linear":[27],"Quadratic":[28],"Gaussian":[29],"setting.":[30],"However,":[31,104],"more":[32],"general":[33],"cost":[34],"functionals":[35],"and":[36,70,130,163,177],"nonlinear":[37],"stochastic":[38],"systems":[39,106],"lead":[40],"which":[46,121,155,167],"direct":[47],"presently":[50],"unknown":[51],"but":[52],"these":[53],"would":[55,98],"theoretically":[56],"behavioral":[58],"processes.":[59],"Additionally,":[60],"in":[61,87,113,127],"active":[62,157],"exploration-based":[63],"situations,":[65],"uncertainty":[66],"drives":[67],"actions":[69],"therefore":[71],"separation":[73],"principle":[74],"does":[75],"not":[76,84],"hold.":[77],"Thus":[78],"traditional":[79],"approaches":[80],"may":[83],"be":[85,109,170],"applicable":[86],"many":[88],"instances":[89],"of":[90,148,193],"systems.":[92],"low":[94],"dimensional":[95,153],"cases":[96],"researchers":[97,187],"traditionally":[99],"turn":[100],"discretization":[102],"methods.":[103],"tend":[107],"high":[110],"dimensional,":[111],"even":[112],"simple":[114],"cases.":[115],"Function":[116],"approximation":[117],"an":[119],"approach":[120],"can":[122],"yield":[123],"globally":[124],"continuous":[128],"time":[129,194],"space.":[131],"this":[133,149,173],"paper,":[134,174],"we":[135],"first":[136],"describe":[137],"problem.":[139],"Then,":[140],"two":[141],"examples":[142],"explored":[144],"demonstrating":[145],"effectiveness":[147],"method.":[150],"A":[151],"higher":[152],"case":[154],"involves":[156],"exploration":[158],"learn":[160],"unobservable":[161],"parameters":[162],"numerical":[165],"challenges":[166],"arise":[168],"will":[169,185],"addressed.":[171],"Throughout":[172],"multiple":[175],"pitfalls":[176],"how":[178],"avoid":[180,189],"then":[181],"discussed.":[183],"This":[184],"help":[186],"spending":[190],"large":[191],"amounts":[192],"merely":[195],"attempting":[196],"solve":[198],"a":[199,202],"problem":[200],"because":[201],"parameter":[203],"mistuned.":[205]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-25T21:42:39.735039","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
